The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of various tryptophan metabolites in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) at different stages of the disease. The present study included 44 patients diagnosed with MAFLD, 40 patients diagnosed with ALD, and 14 healthy individuals in the control group. The levels of tryptophan and its 16 metabolites (3-OH anthranilic acid, 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-methoxytryptamine, 6-hydroxymelatonin, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-propionic acid, kynurenic acid, kynurenine, melatonin, quinolinic acid, serotonin, tryptamine, and xanthurenic acid) in the serum were determined via high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. In patients with cirrhosis resulting from MAFLD and ALD, there are significant divergent changes in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways of tryptophan catabolism as the disease progresses. All patients with cirrhosis showed a decrease in serotonin levels (^MAFLDp = 0.038; ^ALDp < 0.001) and an increase in kynurenine levels (^MAFLDp = 0.032; ^ALDp = 0.010). A negative correlation has been established between serotonin levels and the FIB-4 index (p < 0.001). The decrease in serotonin pathway metabolites was associated with manifestations of portal hypertension (p = 0.026), the development of hepatocellular insufficiency (p = 0.008) (hypoalbuminemia; hypocoagulation), and jaundice (p < 0.001), while changes in the kynurenine pathway metabolite xanthurenic acid were associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (p = 0.044). Depending on the etiological factors of cirrhosis, disturbances in the metabolic profile may be involved in various pathogenetic pathways.

Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are polyphenolic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological activities and are potentially involved in the regulation of host metabolism. The present study aims to establish whether ARs can be produced by the human gut microbiota and to evaluate alterations in content in stool samples as well as metabolic activity of the gut microbiota of C57BL, db/db, and LDLR (−/−) mice according to diet specifications and olivetol (5-n-pentylresorcinol) supplementation to estimate the regulatory potential of ARs. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was used to quantitatively analyse AR levels in mouse stool samples; faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from human donors to germ-free mice was performed to determine whether the intestinal microbiota could produce AR molecules; metagenome sequencing analysis of the mouse gut microbiota followed by reconstruction of its metabolic activity was performed to investigate olivetol’s regulatory potential. A significant increase in the amounts of individual members of AR homologues in stool samples was revealed 14 days after FMT. Supplementation of 5-n-Pentylresorcinol to a regular diet influences the amounts of several ARs in the stool of C57BL/6 and LDLR (−/−) but not db/db mice, and caused a significant change in the predicted metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota of C57BL/6 and LDLR (−/−) but not db/db mice. For the first time, we have shown that several ARs can be produced by the intestinal microbiota. Taking into account the dependence of AR levels in the gut on olivetol supplementation and microbiota metabolic activity, AR can be assumed to be potential quorum-sensing molecules, which also influence gut microbiota composition and host metabolism.

Статья посвящена изучению этиологической роли герпесвирусов в инфекционной и соматической патологии детей (n = 770) с использованием комплекса методов лабораторной диагностики. Определена ведущая этиологическая роль ВПГ у детей с ней-роинфекциями (12,7%) при первичном инфицировании и у детей с внутриутробной инфекцией (29,0%) при ее реактивации. Показано, что в 50,9% случаев диагноз «инфекционный мононуклеоз» подтвержден обнаружением маркеров острой ВЭБИ, а 20,0% он был заменен на мононуклеозоподобный синдром, так были обнаружены маркеры острой ЦМВИ и в 18,1% — маркеры острой ВГЧИ-6. Роль ВГЧ-6 как основного этиологического агента заболевания установлена у 36,3% детей, поступивших с судорожным синдромом на фоне фебрилитета, у 29,1% — с внезапной экзантемой и у 25,5% — с лихорадкой неясного генеза.

Was to develop a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (zaleplon and clobazam), taking into account different chemical structures, by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry using Orbitrap technology for the purposes and tasks of forensic medical examination. A method has been developed for the identification and quantitative determination of zaleplon and clobazam by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry using Orbitrap technology. The proposed identification method can be used in the future to form a database of domestic mass spectra for potent and narcotic substances.