Dry microbursts in weak weather backgrounds, due to their small scale and general lack of precipitation, are often difficult to observe using weather radar. On the night of 26 April 2023, a dry microburst occurred at the Yinchuan Airport. Based on conventional meteorological observations, Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) data, and the Doppler Wind Lidar data, an analysis was conducted on the causes and wind field structure of this microburst. It was found that (1) the sounding data indicated a DCAPE value of 880 J·kg⁻¹, which is important for forecasting the potential for dry microburst events; (2) the foehn from the Helan Mountains contributed to the occurrence of microburst weather at the Yinchuan Airport; (3) the Doppler Wind Lidar wind data showed distinct characteristics of the wind field during this microburst event, including a symmetric horizontal wind field structure, significant vertical downdraft velocities (reaching −5.76 m·s⁻¹), and low-level wind shear over the airport runway and its vicinity; and (4) effective monitoring of such microburst weather events with the Doppler Wind Lidar wind measurements is crucial for ensuring aviation safety.

Airport low visibility is spatially heterogeneous, whereas point observations of meteorological optical range (MOR) and runway visual range (RVR) provide certified surface visibility observations but limited information on low-level dynamics and the approach direction of attenuation boundaries. We combined FC-III coherent Doppler wind-LiDAR and automatic observations with 4176 matched low-visibility hourly instances collected at Yinchuan Hedong International Airport from 2020 to 2025 to describe site-specific variation in the spatial coverage of quality-controlled valid wind profile data. Two-dimensional kernel density estimates characterize full-range distributions, while cross-category correlations are evaluated only within a common MOR interval with event-block bootstrap uncertainty. Dust storm and snow samples retained positive conditional associations, whereas rain, fog, and mist showed weaker, negative, or statistically uncertain associations after accounting for event-level dependence. Case analyses illustrate directional contraction of the valid data boundary during dust and fog events. Directional valid range is neither a certified visibility metric nor a contingency observation for MOR/RVR; it is used only to describe the spatial evolution of quality-controlled valid LiDAR-data coverage at this site.