Climate change has intensified scrutiny of the building sector, a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions. Modular construction, recognized for its environmental, economic, and social benefits, is increasingly regarded as a key strategy to achieve sustainability goals. This study systematically reviews literature from 2005 to 2025 on life cycle carbon emissions (CEs) during the operational phase of modular buildings, using the PRISMA model. A comprehensive search of Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science (WoS), and relevant institutional databases yielded 1131 records, from which 34 studies were selected based on defined inclusion criteria. These studies span residential, commercial, and public buildings across Asia, North America, Europe, and Australia. Findings reveal that while carbon impacts during the construction phase of modular buildings are well documented, research on the operational phase remains limited due to data scarcity and methodological complexity. Since operational emissions typically exceed 60% of total life cycle emissions, and modular buildings offer advantages in airtightness, precision, and passive design integration, they hold significant potential for reducing emissions. This study calls for enhanced integration of technological innovation and policy incentives to support operational decarbonization and contribute to global carbon neutrality efforts.

Exploring the relationship between leisure walking and the built environment will provide an improvement in human health and well-being. It is, therefore, necessary to explore the most relevant scale for leisure walking and how the association between the built environment and leisure walking varies across scales. Three hundred volunteers were recruited to wear GPS loggers, and a total dataset of 268 tracks from 105 individuals was collected. The shortest possible routes between starting and ending points were generated and compared to the actual routes using the paired T-test. An improved grid-based buffer approach was proposed, and statistics for the grid cells intersecting the paths were calculated. Grid cells were calculated for six scales: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 500 m, 800 m, and 1600 m. The results showed that the actual paths were on average 24.97% longer than the shortest path. The mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values of the built environment variables were all significantly associated with leisure walking. The most relevant spatial scale was found to be the 100 m scale. Overall, the smaller the scale, the more significant the association. Participants showed a preference for moderately compact urban forms, diverse options for destinations, and greener landscapes in leisure walking route choice.

Sustainable agriculture has been proposed by the United Nations as a key indicator of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It presents diverse features and rich connotations in the transformation towards modernization. However, for a long time in China, transformations of agricultural modernization have not been the concern of spatial planning, nor the emerging land use requirements of agricultural modernization under the trends of urban–rural integration, such as the application of modern technologies for the mechanization of agricultural production, the coexistence of multiple forms of business entities with agricultural enterprises as the main body, the extension of the industrial chain from the primary to the secondary and the tertiary, and the concentration of industrial spaces, as well as specific land use due to those transformations. This paper constructs an analytical framework of “business entity, business model, production technology, and production space” based on the literature studies and selects eight representative agricultural cases from Beijing, Zhejiang, and Yunnan to conduct field investigations and case studies to reveal the transformative aspects of agricultural modernization in China and its land use requirements, enriching the understanding of modern agriculture from the perspective of spatial planning. This study finds that the transformation of agricultural modernization has generated new requirements for the construction of necessary production facilities, but these requirements cannot be met in terms of land use due to the constraints imposed by China’s current land use regulations. The paper advocates for the development of agricultural parks, the optimization of land use regulations, and the allocation of agricultural land use in spatial planning in line with the trends of agricultural modernization, thus supporting the sustainable development of agriculture.

In order to extract the effective fatigue detection index from the weak pupil size change, the excavator driving comparative experiment was set up. The pupil information of the experimenter was detected under the given constant light environment. Fourier transform and statistical analysis of the collected data showed that the pupil of the task group decreased significantly after operation (P < 0.05) which was regarded as fatigue state. The amplitude of pupil size oscillation was clearly displayed when the pupil signal was converted from time domain to frequency domain. While in the control group, the pupil dilation was not significantly different from that before operation (P > 0.05) and the pupil amplitude did not change significantly. Experiments show that the amplitude of pupil size oscillation is more significant in frequency domain which is conducive to the application of pupil measurement method in reality.

As urbanization accelerates and populations age, creating age-appropriate environments that support elderly health and well-being has become a critical challenge. This study focuses on optimizing the configuration of public service facilities in Shanghai from the perspective of health care and therapeutic landscapes. By combining mobile signaling data, point-of-interest data, and geospatial analysis, the research identifies key patterns in elderly travel behaviors and accessibility to public services. Results reveal disparities between urban and suburban areas, highlighting issues such as long travel distances, mismatches in facility supply and demand, and insufficient therapeutic environments. Drawing on theories of therapeutic landscape and environmental psychology, this study proposes landscape optimization strategies, including dynamic flowerbed rest areas, plant-barrier healing corners, photovoltaic art exhibition corridors, and photovoltaic health-sharing kiosks, tailored to different districts. These strategies aim to enhance travel comfort, alleviate stress, and promote social and cognitive well-being among the elderly. The findings provide theoretical insights and practical recommendations for designing inclusive and therapeutic urban spaces that cater to the unique needs of aging populations. Future research should explore pilot implementations and refine strategies based on empirical evaluations and elderly-specific preferences.