The aim of this study was to evaluate the amounts of apically extruded 3% sodium hypochlorite using two modes of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI), super short pulse (SSP) and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS®) by combining three types of laser tips (FT) and conventional syringe needle irrigation (SNI). Twenty extracted human maxillary central incisors were prepared using Reciproc® instruments (size 40, taper 0.06). The irrigant volumetric flow (IVF) was accurately standardized using a precision syringe pump with constant irrigant delivery through the 27G needle. The tested irrigation protocols (60 s) were groups 1: 27-G SNI with 0.05 ml/s constant IVF; group 2: SSP (10 mJ, 15 Hz, pulse duration 50 μs) + Radial SWEEPS FT; group 3: SSP + photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) FT; group 4: SSP+SWEEPS FT; group 5: AutoSWEEPS (20 mJ, 15 Hz, pulse duration 25 µs) + Radial SWEEPS FT; group 6: AutoSWEEPS+PIPS FT; group 7: AutoSWEEPS+SWEEPS FT. Each protocol was evaluated in 10 repetitions each. Apically extruded irrigant was collected, and net weighted. There were significantly lower amounts of extruded irrigant with SNI and SSP using radial SWEEPS and PIPS FTs compared to the other tested laser protocols (p0.05). In straight root canals, the use of various fiber FTs in the AutoSWEEPS mode exhibited a higher potential for irrigant extrusion.

Calcium silicate–based materials, known for their bioactive properties, are increasingly being used in endodontic therapy. Accidental extrusion of these materials into the periapical tissue is a relatively common phenomenon that can impede periapical healing. The aim of this article is to present three endodontically retreated case reports with moderate to extensive periapical lesions and to review the literature on this topic. The comprehensive search and analysis of the relevant literature included a review of 51 articles, of which nine case reports/series from 2010 to 2023 were considered. Based on the summarized data, over 80% of the retreated cases showed complete healing of the periapical lesions, while the success rate in initially treated teeth was over 90%. Healing of periapical lesions is the most common therapeutic outcome, even in cases where extrusion occurs. Despite this conclusion, extrusion of materials into periapical tissues should be avoided. Further case reports on the extrusion of calcium silicate–based materials other than MTA are recommended. When evaluating the success rate of periapical healing in such cases, it is recommended to extend the follow‐up periods to several years.

Objectives The present study aimed to compare dental, endodontic, and periodontal status in patients with Hashimoto's disease and healthy patients, as well as to disclose the relation between dental variables and Hashimoto's disease. Materials and Methods The research included 85 patients affected by Hashimoto's thyroiditis (analyzed group) and 85 healthy patients (control group). The two groups were matched according to age and gender. Data regarding patients' health status was acquired from their medical records. Data regarding dental, endodontic, and periodontal status were acquired from patients' dental records and digital panoramic radiographs. Statistical Analysis Since a nonnormal distribution of data was detected, a median and interquartile range were used as a measure of central tendency and dispersion. Mann–Whitney U test and chi-squared test were used to test the differences between the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to test the association of the data. Results Healthy participants had significantly higher median number of teeth with secondary caries (median 2; interquartile range 1–3) when compared with participants with Hashimoto's disease (median 1; interquartile range 0–2; p < 0.001). Periodontal disease was present in significantly more participants with Hashimoto's disease than healthy patients (68.2% vs. 45.9%; chi-square = 7.779; p = 0.005). The presence of Hashimoto's disease increased the risk of periodontal disease presence three times (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38–7.15; p = 0.007). The presence of periodontal disease increased the risk of Hashimoto's disease presence by 2.5 times (OR 2.54; 95% CI: 1.36–4.73; p = 0.004). Conclusion With the study limitations in mind, it may be concluded that a positive relationship between periodontal disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis exists.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the amounts of apically extruded 3% sodium hypochlorite using two modes of Er:YAG laser-activated irrigation (LAI), super short pulse (SSP) and shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS®), combining three types of laser tips (FT) and conventional syringe needle irrigation (SNI). Methods: Twenty extracted human maxillary central incisors prepared using Reciproc® instruments (size 40, taper 0.06). Irrigant volumetric flow (IVF) was accurately standardized using a precision syringe pump with constant irrigant delivery through the 27G needle. The tested irrigation protocols (60 s) were groups 1: 27-G SNI with 0.05 ml/s constant IVF; group 2: SSP (10 mJ, 15 Hz, pulse duration 50 μs) + Radial SWEEPS FT; group 3: SSP + photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) FT; group 4: SSP+SWEEPS FT; group 5: AutoSWEEPS (20 mJ, 15 Hz, pulse duration 25 µs) + Radial SWEEPS FT; group 6: AutoSWEEPS+PIPS FT; group 7: AutoSWEEPS+SWEEPS FT. Each protocol was evaluated in 10 repetitions each. Apically extruded irrigant was collected, and the net weighted. Results: There were significantly lower amounts of extruded irrigant with SNI and SSP using radial SWEEPS and PIPS FTs compared to the other tested laser protocols (p0.05). Conclusion: In straight root canals, the use of various fiber FTs in the AutoSWEEPS mode exhibited a higher potential for irrigant extrusion.