The review centred on the existence of phenol, which is a widespread organic pollutant. It is crucial to study it owing to its toxic effects, even at low concentrations, and the high likelihood of contaminating natural waters, in addition to wastewater from agricultural wastewater or urban wastewater. To make matters worse, it contributes to substance formation during the process of disinfection and oxidation. It is also common practice to dump commercial wastewater which has nearly identical characteristics to urban wastewater into community sewers. Various methods have been explored for eliminating the phenolic compound. This report has concentrated on phenol degradation through aerobic pathways and anaerobic pathways as well as numerous microorganisms involved in the degradation of the phenols.

The changes in global temperatures as a result of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions has suggested that cumulative CO₂ emissions will continue to increase over time. Many countries are looking for ways to reduce or alter the amount of CO₂ harming our environment; therefore, this review is a compilation of CO₂ adsorption on biomass-derived-biochar (BDB). This suggests that effective measures to mitigate the risk of dangerous climate change will need to limit cumulative emissions of CO₂. Further, if cumulative CO₂ emissions overshoot acceptable limits, it will become necessary to remove CO₂ from the air, that is, the so-called “negative emissions.” In this review, we discuss the definitions and classes of technologies for capturing CO₂ from the air and the application of biochar in the improvement of soil fertility. We also discuss the economic tradeoff between biochar and bio-oil, agricultural nutrient leaching, the novel magnetic property of biochar and its durability.

Two simple and sensitive kinetic methods for the determination of ampicillin (AMP) are described. The first method is based on kinetic investigation of the oxidation reaction of the drug with alkaline potassium permanganate at room temperature for a fixed time of 25min. The absorbance of the colored manganate ions is measured at 610nm. The second method is based on the reaction of AMP with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) in the presence of 0.1molL−1 sodium bicarbonate. Spectrophotometric measurement was achieved by recording the absorbance at 490nm for a fixed time of 60min. All variables affecting the development of the color were investigated and the conditions were optimized. Plots of absorbance against concentration in both procedures were rectilinear over the ranges 5–30 and 50–260μgmL−1, with mean recoveries 99.80 and 99.91, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of AMP in bulk powder and in capsule dosage form. The determination of AMP by the fixed concentration method is feasible with the calibration equations obtained, but the fixed time method proves to be more applicable