This study evaluates the influence of rising energy prices on firm-level profitability. According to the policies of the European Union, the aim is to achieve an energy union that offers all community economic agents safer, cleaner, and more affordable energy. For this study, 1342 updated observations from 16 European countries for the year 2022 were used, studying the influence of increasing energy prices on the decrease in profit. The increase in energy prices influences the risk of firms experiencing negative profitability in 2022 compared to 2018, as measured by the increase in the number of firms that register a profit of less than or equal to zero. Company characteristics, such as size and age, which positively influence the level of profitability, are statistically significant. Furthermore, this study shows that the business sector in which the firm operates influences the level of profitability in a differentiated manner. Linear and logistic regression methods were employed for the methodology.

Given the growing concerns about climate change and sustainability, uncovering the factors that influence consumers’ decisions to adopt green products remains a pressing inquiry. This study uses the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the PLS-SEM method to confirm that environmental concern (EC), perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitude (AT) and subjective norms (SN) influence green product purchase intention (PI). According to this research, environmental concern is the main determining factor for the purchase intention of green products. A structured quantitative survey was applied to a sample of 421 people. The analysis was conducted using WarpPLS 8.0. The results show that environmental concern and perceived behavioral control play a crucial role. Individuals’ confidence in their ability to influence environmental conservation efforts is important in their purchasing decisions. Subjective norms play a mediating role and have a smaller impact but contribute significantly to shaping the societal context that influences green purchase decisions. Attitudes have a significant, nonlinear impact on purchase intention. This study encourages green marketing strategies and public policies oriented towards green products, targeting accessibility barriers to green products and changing green purchasing patterns, to contribute to sustainable consumption objectives, offer directions for future research and increase competitiveness.