Hypertension remains a global threat to public health, affecting the worldwide population. It is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Today’s treatments focus on creating a hypotensive effect. However, there is a constant search for additional factors to reduce the potential of developing hypertension complications. These factors may act as a parallel treatment target with a beneficial effect in specific populations. Some studies suggest that uric acid may be considered such a factor. This study investigated the potential effect of uric acid concentrations over 5 mg/dL on the incidence of hypertension complications among patients with very high cardiovascular risk. A total of 705 patients with hypertension and very high cardiovascular risk were selected and included in the analysis. The patients were divided and compared according to serum uric acid levels. The study showed a higher occurrence of heart failure (OR = 1.7898; CI: 1.2738–2.5147; p = 0.0008), atrial fibrillation (OR = 3.4452; CI: 1.5414–7.7002; p = 0.0026) and chronic kidney disease (OR = 2.4470; CI: 1.3746–4.3558; p = 0.0024) among individuals with serum uric acid levels over 5 mg/dL, males and those with a BMI > 25 kg/m². These findings suggest that even serum uric acid concentrations over 5 mg/dL may affect the prevalence of hypertension-related complications among patients with very high cardiovascular risk.

The number of children suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is rising globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to acquire a better understanding of the genetic factors and molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of CVDs in order to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for the future. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of small non-coding RNA fragments that range from 17 to 25 nucleotides in length and play an essential role in regulating gene expression, controlling an abundance of biological aspects of cell life, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, thus affecting immune response, stem cell growth, ageing and haematopoiesis. In recent years, the concept of miRNAs as diagnostic markers allowing discrimination between healthy individuals and those affected by CVDs entered the purview of academic debate. In this review, we aimed to systematise available information regarding miRNAs associated with arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis and congenital heart diseases in children. We focused on the targeted genes and metabolic pathways influenced by those particular miRNAs, and finally, tried to determine the future of miRNAs as novel biomarkers of CVD.

(1) Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in both sexes. The male sex is considered a classical atherosclerosis risk factor, whereas females should be protected by hormonal effects until menopause. Although there are known differences in the development, type, and prognosis of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) between both sexes, there are no differences in approach in the guidelines. (2) Methods: The sex-related differences in CAD risk factors, treatment, echocardiographic, and angiographic results were assessed among 3291 patients with CCS. (3) Results: Women were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus than men. Women were more often treated conservatively than men. There was no difference in the use of beta-blockers and statins among the sexes. The LDL cholesterol goal was less frequently reached by women. Women were treated less often with aspirin than men, but they were treated more often with angiotensin receptor blockers than men. The left ventricle ejection fraction was higher among females. The number of obstructed vessels was higher in men. (4) Conclusions: Women may be more exposed to the risk factors of CAD than men. Men are diagnosed with CAD earlier, and their prevention and therapy are more efficient.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases remain important causes of morbidity and potential premature mortality in children. Although clinical imaging and electrophysiologic testing have advanced, early, minimally invasive biomarkers that can both detect myocardial injury and help differentiate among overlapping pediatric phenotypes are still limited. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) are becoming attractive biomarker candidates because many are abundant in the heart, actively released into the circulation, and remarkably stable in plasma. The study aimed to assess the expression of miR-1-3p, miR-let-7b-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-26b-5p in children with cardiovascular disease. Methods: Children aged 10–18 years with cardiac arrhythmias, myocarditis, or cardio-myopathies were recruited. The control group consisted of healthy age- and sex-matched children. For each participant, peripheral venous blood was collected for plasma isolation and miRNA profiling. The expression of miR-1-3p, miR-let-7b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26b-5p, and UniSp6 molecules was analyzed using the comparative cycle threshold delta Ct (ΔCt) method. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: miR-26b-5p was significantly downregulated in patients with cardiac disease compared with healthy controls. miR-21-5p and miR-26b-5p were downregulated in patients with ventricular arrhythmia. Moreover, miR-26b-5p was downregulated in arrhythmia in general. We found no significant difference in the expression of miR-1-3p, miR-let-7b-5p, miR-21b-5p, and miR-26b-5p between patients with and without myocarditis, as well as with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: miR-26b-5p may distinguish young patients with cardiovascular disease and those with arrhythmias from healthy individuals. miR-21-5p and miR-26b-5p may also be seen as potential biomarkers of ventricular arrhythmia. Further studies involving a larger sample size are required to obtain sufficient data and validate these findings.