The growing need for innovative, sustainable, and eco-friendly solutions worldwide has intensified efforts to valorize agro-food waste, which is generated in vast quantities worldwide and is rich in valuable substances with diverse industrial applications. Conventional extraction methods using organic solvents have long been employed for this purpose, but their significant drawbacks highlight the need for alternative approaches. This review explores the application of non-thermal ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for extracting valuable substances from agro-food waste. It critically examines recent innovations in the UAE with DESs, including mechanisms, applications to agro-food waste, limitations, and aspects of safety, sustainability, and scalability. The key findings indicate that UAE with DESs outperforms conventional and other novel extraction techniques for agro-food waste valorization. This approach offers significant benefits, such as enhanced extraction efficiency, high-quality extracts, reduced processing time and energy consumption, biodegradability, low toxicity, and the reusability and tunability of DESs, all of which align with eco-friendly practices. While identifying a single best DES is challenging due to their varying extraction efficiencies with different waste materials, but optimal ultrasonication parameters commonly reported in the literature include 300-400 W power, 30 min extraction time, 40 °C temperature, and a solid-to-solvent ratio (SSR) of 1:30 g/mL to achieve high extraction efficiency. Future studies should investigate a wider range of plant and animal-based waste, optimize ultrasonic parameters and DES compositions, explore combinative extraction methods, enhance compound purification and solvent recovery, and assess industrial scalability through TEA, LCA, safety testing, and regulatory alignment.

Seafood poisoning outbreaks are often caused by biotoxins generated by harmful algal blooms. Shellfish toxins, mainly derived from phytoplankton, cause diarrhea and poisoning in humans who consume contaminated seafood. Many studies suggest that diarrheal shellfish toxins cause functional changes in various cells. In order to protect shellfish products, it is becoming increasingly important to remove these contaminants from the ocean. Public attention plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of acute intoxication caused by contaminated seafood. Monitoring algal toxins is the best way to ensure that seafood is safe and clean. In order to attain these objectives, a variety of technologies were developed and constructed for the purpose of detecting and decontaminating algal toxins in aquatic environments. A review of the current literature regarding the detection and detoxification of diarrheal shellfish toxins is presented in this article.