Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is becoming more well-acknowledged for its ability to improve the development performance of poultry, particularly by interacting with the Insulin-like growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway. This review emphasizes the importance of GABA in optimizing poultry production by thoroughly examining its biochemical characteristics, physiological roles, and molecular mechanisms of action. GABA is a crucial inhibitory neurotransmitter that not only regulates neuronal excitability but also optimizes metabolic processes critical for growth. Supplementing poultry feeds with GABA has been shown to enhance feed conversion efficiency, increase body weight, and bolster immune function. The interplay between GABA and IGF-1 is crucial, as GABA modulates IGF-1 levels and receptor sensitivity, promoting muscle development and overall metabolic health. This review emphasizes the importance of fermentation processes in producing bioavailable GABA, presenting promising implications for sustainable poultry farming practices. Further investigation into GABA supplementation strategies in poultry could lead to improved growth performance and healthier production systems.