The sprawling nature of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors require the comprehensive management and reliability of the entire network. Modern Internet Protocol (IP) networks demand specific qualitative and quantitative parameters that need to be met. One of these requirements is the minimal packet loss in the network. After a node or link failure within the network, the process of network convergence will begin. This process may take an unpredictable time, mostly depending on the size and the structure of the affected network segment and the routing protocol used within the network. The categories of proposed solutions for these problems are known as Fast ReRoute (FRR) mechanisms. The majority of current Fast ReRoute mechanisms use precomputation of alternative backup paths in advance. This paper presents an Enhanced Multicast Repair (EM-REP) FRR mechanism that uses multicast technology to create an alternate backup path and does not require pre-calculation. This principle creates a unique reactive behavior in the Fast ReRoute area. The enhanced M-REP FRR mechanism can find an alternative path in the event of multiple links or nodes failing at different times and places in the network. This unique behavior can be applied in the IoT sensors area, especially in network architecture that guarantees reliability of data transfer.

Cyber security is a current topic of the cyberspace, which includes Cloud Computing (CC) systems. Current use of CC and its expected development require strong security measures. The reason is the fact that data with sensitive information from several users enters the CC system and the disruption of the system or the leakage of such information is unacceptable. As how in building architecture, it is necessary to dimension the foundations, retaining walls and other parts of the building so that as a whole they form a fixed structure, in the architecture of ICT systems we must look at all components of each partial system too. Security architecture is one viewpoint of development in CC systems. Each deployment model and each CC service model in a particular implementation environment requires its own security framework. ICT standardization organizations have issued several recommendations and standards that provide principles for followed in the specific implementation of CC. The authors of the article used them in processing the Architecture description of the OpenStack private cloud in a university environment.

Today’s IP networks are experiencing a high increase in used and connected Internet of Things (IoT) devices and related deployed critical services. This puts increased demands on the reliability of underlayer transport networks. Therefore, modern networks must meet specific qualitative and quantitative parameters to satisfy customer service demands in line with the most common requirements of network fault tolerance and minimal packet loss. After a router or link failure within the transport network, the network convergence process begins. This process can take an unpredictable amount of time, usually depending on the size, the design of the network and the routing protocol used. Several solutions have been developed to address these issues, where one of which is the group of so-called Fast ReRoute (FRR) mechanisms. A general feature of these mechanisms is the fact that the resilience to network connectivity failures is addressed by calculating a pre-prepared alternative path. The path serves as a backup in the event of a network failure. This paper presents a new Bit Repair (B-REP) FRR mechanism that uses a special BIER header field (Bit-String) to explicitly indicate an alternative path used to route the packet. B-REP calculates an alternative path in advance as a majority of existing FRR solutions. The advantage of B-REP is the ability to define an alternative hop-by-hop path with full repair coverage throughout the network, where, unlike other solutions, we propose the use of a standardized solution for this purpose. The area of the B-REP application is communication networks working on the principle of packet switching, which use some link-state routing protocol. Therefore, B-REP can be successfully used in the IoT solutions especially in the field of ensuring communication from sensors in order to guarantee a minimum packet loss during data transmission.

Multimedia services are among the most developed segments of services. User behavior is changing with a significant number being very active. They utilize services that produce large amounts of data traffic in uplinks. Consequently, this is quite a new phenomenon that service providers should consider. The Quality of Service (QoS) of real-time multimedia services is crucial for all users, and research has been devoted to satisfying these requirements. Although fulfilling the QoS requirements is challenging, most of the research has focused on the downlink. The goal of this study was to focus on uplinks because this direction is crucial to modern attractive multimedia services such as streaming of videos and video gaming. This study proposed a solution that prioritizes traffic at the end of the user terminal and fixes the issue with real-time multimedia services. This effectively eliminates the first bottleneck in the entire system, regardless of the access network. The investigated solution is independent of the type of access network because it is implemented at the user terminal.

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a network that monitors the physical environment using small and energy-efficient sensor devices. The wide application of WSNs has caused them to be used in critical applications that require a quick response, even at the cost of higher consumption. In recent years, Fast Reroute (FRR) technology has been developed, which accelerates network recovery after line or node failure. This technology plays an important role in connection recovery and data recovery, which helps speed up detection and redirect traffic. In our work, we created a new modification of the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, where we added the fast detection of link failure used in the FRR area. This modification rapidly increased connection recovery time and was tested in the OMNET++ simulation environment. The modification was implemented based on an additional RFC 5880 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) module, which speeds up failure detection by sending quick “Hello” messages.

IoT based systems must be continuously available to be used effectively and fulfill their purpose. Therefore, these systems must be designed to incorporate fault tolerance mechanisms. The successful use of IoT technology brings a number of devices connected in different ways, which increases the risk of network connection failure. The article deals with the implementation of FRR (Fast Reroute Mechanisms) to ensure reliability and availability in the network. In the context of IoT networks, it is important to consider the limitations that may affect the implementation of FRR mechanisms. IoT devices are often powered by batteries that have a limited capacity and therefore it is important to use energy efficiently. At the same time, IoT networks can be large and heterogeneous, which requires different approaches to ensure reliability and availability. The goal is to minimize the impact of an outage on the network and ensure that data transmission can continue without significant delays.