Farrerol (FA) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in various diseases. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative stress-induced cell death. It is characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion and is involved in neuronal injury. However, the role of FA in inhibiting ferroptosis in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and its underlying mechanisms are not yet completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether FA could mediate ferroptosis and explore its function and molecular mechanism in HIE. A neonatal rat model of HIE was used, and rats were treated with FA, ML385 (a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]), or a combination of both. Neurological deficits, infarction volume, brain water content, pathological changes, and iron ion accumulation in the brain tissues were measured using the Zea-Longa scoring system and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin-eosin (HE), and Perls’ staining. The expression levels of GSH-Px, MDA, SOD, and ROS in brain tissues were also evaluated. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the expression of the Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis-related proteins. The results showed that FA administration significantly reduced neuronal damage, infarct volume, cerebral edema, and iron ion accumulation and inhibited MDA and ROS levels while promoting GSH-Px and SOD levels. FA also increased the expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), Nrf2, and HO-1. Moreover, the combination of ML385 and FA in HIE abolished the FA protective effects. Therefore, the study concludes that FA exerts a neuroprotective effect after HIE by inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Purpose. Delphian lymph node (DLN) is often involved in metastasis of malignant head and neck tumors. This study evaluates the predictive utility of the DLN and the clinicopathological factors related to DLN metastasis in individuals suffering from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Patients and Methods. A retrospective analysis was made on 969 PTC patients enrolled from 2017 to 2021. Among these patients, 522 PTC patients are DLN positive and 447 are negative. Comparisons of clinicopathological characteristics between the DLN-positive and DLN-negative patients were made. Results. The DLN was detected in 53.9 (522/969) cases, and DLN metastasis occurred in 20.3 (106/522) cases. The independent predictors of DLN metastasis (DLNM) include tumor size >1cm, tumor located in the upper third thyroid or isthmus, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM). DLN-positive individuals exhibited a higher incidence and the number of CLNM, contralateral CLNM (CCLNM), and LLNM as compared to DLN-negative patients. Whether it is cN0 or cN+, the CLNM incidence was increased among DLN-positive patients as compared to that of DLN-negative patients. Conclusions. Positive DLN indicated an increased rate and number of metastases in the cervical lymph nodes. Intraoperative rapid freezing is recommended to assess the status of the DLN, and careful assessment of cervical lymph nodes is warranted when the DLN is involved to implement an appropriate surgical approach.

Precision medicine has been well recognized since it was proposed, and the invention of liquid biopsy meets the needs of this era. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), one of the most promising components of liquid biopsies, has quickly become the focus of research in recent years because of its unique advantages in clinical application. This article reviews the clinical application of ctDNA in breast cancer detection in recent years and its potential clinical value.

Background: Despite extensive documentation of the immunomodulatory effects of anthocyanidins, population‐based epidemiological studies have yet to elucidate their association with thyroid autoimmunity (TAI). Methods: Using flavonoid intake data from the Flavonoid and Anthocyanidin Database (FNDDS) and 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets ( n = 5,487), we constructed multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to examine the dose–response relationship between the log10‐transformed anthocyanidin intake values (LgAAs) and TAI incidence, adjusting for demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic covariates. Results: The intake of anthocyanidins by TAI patients was significantly greater than that by controls [median (IQR): 2.20(0.00, 14.92) vs. 0.98 (0.00, 7.18) mg/d, p < 0.001]. Each unit increase in LgAA corresponded to a 16% increase in the risk of TAI (adjusted OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.29; p = 0.0088). Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest LgAA quartile was associated with a 47% increase in the incidence of TAI (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12–1.93; p = 0.0055; P trend = 0.014), with consistent associations across subgroups ( P interaction = 0.528). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear dose–response relationship ( P nonlinearity = 0.217). Conclusion: This cross‐sectional study identified an association between dietary anthocyanidin intake and TAI. Future prospective cohort studies and randomized trials are warranted to validate our observations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.