Vector synthesis of fault testing (simulation) map for logic is proposed, which without simulation allows to determine of all faults detected on test sets, as well as determining test sets to detect specified faults. For synthesis, a superposition of smart data structures is used, containing: a deductive matrix D, as a derivative of the logical vector L, test truth table T, and fault truth table F. The deductive matrix is seen as the gene of functionality and base of fault simulation mechanism to solve all the problems of testing and verification. In the matrix synthesis, an axiom is used: all the mentioned tables are identical in shape to each other and always interact with each other convolutionally T⊕L⊕F=0. A universal deductive reversing converter “test-faults” and “faults-test” for logical functionalities of any dimension is proposed. Converter functions: fault simulation on test sets T→F and synthesis of test sets F→T to detect the specified faults. The converter can be used as a test generation and fault simulation service for IP-core system-on-chip (SoC) under the IEEE 1500 SECT standard. Based on the deductive matrix, a fault testing map for logic is built, where each test set is matched with the logic-detected faults of the input lines.

Online transactions play an increasingly important role in our daily lives. Recently, online shopping has greatly expanded not only in small and medium enterprises, but also among individual internet users who use social media as online trading platforms. While there are several online-shopping platforms in Saudi Arabia, they are still facing critical obstacles that challenge customers, businessmen, and organizations. In this paper, we present a smart control unit that could help addressing current challenges that face e-commerce and suggesting contemporary governmental legislation dedicated at governing and simplifying online transactions in order to make them more reliable, faster, secure, and competitive.

"Quantum" processors' structure for simulation and verification of digital system is proposed. It is based on transactions between addressable memory components to realize any functionality. The new approach for analysis of digital systems is proposed. It is supposed to apply vector form (quantum) of combinational and sequential structures implemented into memory elements. This approach remarkably differs from the common design theory of discrete devices based on logic truth tables of components. It is based on an opportunity of applying quantum or qubit data structures in modern computers when doing calculating processes with the purpose of unary coding states of input, internal and output variables, and also on the technology of qubit-vectors implementation into memory elements FPGA, which realize combinational and sequential primitives. The use of quantum memory-based only models for describing digital components when designing computer systems would allow us to increase yield, enhance reliability of computers, make the process of design and production of devices cheaper, and also provides human-free repairing in remote & online mode.

We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Electronics, which explores the dynamic intersection of machine learning (ML) and cybersecurity