Reliable and efficient risk assessments are essential to deal effectively with potential risks in international construction projects. However, most conventional risk modeling methods are based on the hypothesis that risk factors are independent, which does not account adequately for the causal relationships among risk factors. In this study, a risk assessment model for international construction projects was developed to improve the efficacy of risk management by integrating fault tree analysis and fuzzy set theory with a Bayesian belief network. The risk rating of each risk factor, expressed as the product of risk occurrence probability and impact, was incorporated into the risk assessment model to evaluate degrees of risk. Therefore, risk factors were categorized into different risk levels taking into account their inherent causal relationships, which allowed the identification of critical risk factors. The applicability of the fuzzy Bayesian belief network-based risk assessment model was verified using a case study through a comparative analysis with the results from a fuzzy synthetic evaluation method. The comparison shows that the proposed risk assessment model is able to provide guidelines for an effective risk management process and ultimately to increase project performance in a complex environment such as international construction projects.

This research mainly studies the factors influencing the efficiency of energy utilization. Firstly, by calculating $Mora{n}^{’}sI$ and local indicators of spatial association (LISA) of energy efficiency of regions in mainland China, we found that energy efficiency shows obvious spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering phenomena. Secondly, we established the spatial quantile autoregression (SQAR) model, in which the energy efficiency is the response variable with seven influence factors. The seven factors include industrial structure, resource endowment, level of economic development etc. Based on the provincial panel data (1998–2016) of mainland China (data source: China Statistical Yearbook, Statistical Yearbook of provinces), the findings indicate that level of economic development and industrial structure have a significant role in promoting energy efficient. Resource endowment, government intervention and energy efficiency show a negative correlation. However, the negative effect of government intervention is weakened with the increase of energy efficiency. Lastly, we compare the results of SQAR with that of ordinary spatial autoregression (SAR). The empirical result shows that the SQAR model is superior to SAR model in influencing factors analysis of energy efficiency.