is a Lecturer in Trafford College Group, Manchester, United Kingdom. His research interests are related to sustainable development, energy modeling, and energy performance of buildings. His current interest relates to digital twins and 3D modelling of constructed conventional and green buildings. Vignes received his Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Building Technology from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, in 2003 and Master of Project Management from Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 2011. In addition to that, as the highest academic qualification, he received a PhD degree in Green Construction Management from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, in 2016.