A prospective randomised control trial (RCT) was conducted in National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad, on 40 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). Children between the ages of four and12 years with ipsilateral, bilateral or severely asymmetrical impairments who had wrist extension (20°) and fingers flexion (10°) were included. The outcomes tools, Box and Block Test, Quality of Upper Extremity Skill Test, CP (Quality of Life) and Kid screen were used at baseline, mid- and post- treatment assessment. Both the treatment approaches (CCIMT AND MCIMT) equally improved upper limb motor functions and psychosocial life of the children with HCP. On Quest tool, results of dissociated movement were significant (p=0.021) and on CPQOL tool two domains (participation & physical health and family health) showed significant difference (p=0.042, p=0.025). But no significant difference was noted regarding other domains of the tools. The study concluded that both the treatment approaches (CCIMT AND MCIMT) are effective in enhancing the upper limb motor functions and psychosocial life of children with HCP. Keywords: Constraint-induced movement therapy, Cerebral palsy, upper extremity.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) affects the mobility and functional strength of children which leads to a decline in the quality of life of children. Functional strength training may considered objective-oriented to achieve some specific activity level and improve the overall performance of children. Objective: To determine the effects of additional functional strength training on mobility in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy (HCP). Method: A single-blind randomized control trial (NCT05878756) was conducted on (n=40) children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) at the National Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Islamabad. Children who can follow commands, not using assistive devices, and are not being treated in any other rehabilitation services were included. Children aged 4-12 years were recruited through a non-probability convenient sampling technique and a total of n=40 participants were randomly divided into Group A (n=20) which received conventional therapy along with functional strength training for 4 weeks, while Group B (n=20) only received conventional physical therapy. Both groups received intervention for 4weeks. The tools, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) used for the severity of mobility and, five times sit-to-stand (FTSTS) to assess functional lower extremity strength, transitional movement balance, and fall risk in older adults, were used at baseline and post-treatment assessment. Results: Both groups had improvements in strength and mobility but there was significant improvement in strength and mobility in Group A after 4^th week (p≤ 0.05). However, no significant increase in the dimension of lying and kneeling was observed. Comparison within both groups for dimensions of walking, running, and jumping in both groups showed significant improvement (p=0.045). According to the result of GMFM scoring, a significant improvement in the interventional group (A) as compared to Group B (p=0.003). Conclusion: It is concluded that additional functional therapy has a better outcome as compared to conventional therapy on mobility and strength of children with CP. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT05878756

Medical imaging plays an important and vital role in diagnosis and management of intervention during clinical practice. The ability to refer patients directly for diagnostic imaging could promote more efficient delivery of care. This study focuses on the confidence of the therapist to interpret diagnostic imaging and also how often do they refer for medical imaging. Objective: The aim of the current study was to measure the physical therapist’s knowledge and use of medical imaging in their clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in Faisalabad in which 100 practicing physical therapists filled self-constructed questionnaire. SPSS 20 sheet for statistical analysis. Results: According to results 92.8% Therapists reported that they find significant for Medical Imaging in making clinical diagnosis, 90.1% Therapists reported that Medical Imaging is included in clinical diagnosis. Ninty six Therapists reported that no extra certifications for Medical Imaging is needed and 29.7% reported that they attended Continuous Professional Development (C.P.D) Programs Half of the Therapists said that their Source of knowledge on Medical Imaging is academic program and other half said that their knowledge is job exposure. Conclusions: This study concluded that Therapists find Medical Imaging significant in making clinical diagnoses. The majority of therapists indicated that they did not need additional Medical Imaging certifications. Half of the therapists said their main source of knowledge about Medical Imaging was academic programs, while the other half said job exposure.

Urinary incontinence (UI) refers to involuntary urine leakage. It can affect anyone, although it is more common among pregnant women. Incontinence is classified into three types: Stress, urge, and mixed urinary incontinence. Objective: To was to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its association with chronic constipation, chronic cough, urinary tract infection, and parity during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the twin cities of Pakistan between April 2022 and September 2022. The data were recruited from 184 pregnant women aged between 18-45 years, who were in their third trimester. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data as well as assessments of parity, chronic cough, chronic constipation, and urinary tract infections. QUID was used to determine the kind of urine incontinence, and the ICIQ-UI-SF was employed to record the frequency and severity of the condition. Results: The average age of the participants was 27.8±4.7. Out of 184 participants, 91 had urine incontinence, with 52 (27.8%) having stress urinary incontinence and 39 (21.3%) having urge urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence symptoms were severe (N=36, 19.1%) in most subjects and moderate (N=26, 14.2%) in others. Chronic cough and parity had a significant relationship with urine incontinence (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results imply that urinary incontinence was moderately prevalent. Urge urine incontinence was less common than stress incontinence. Multiparity and chronic cough were strongly associated with UI.

Healthcare care professionals, particularly surgeons, are at significant risk of acquiring work-related musculoskeletal disorders that can lead to prolonged pain and diminish productivity. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, associated risk factors, and coping strategies for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among general and laparoscopic surgeons in Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from general and laparoscopic surgeons working in selected tertiary care hospitals located in Sialkot, Pakistan. The self-structured questionnaire consisted of four sections, including demographic information, musculoskeletal risk factors, work posture assessment and coping strategies. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between musculoskeletal disorders and personal and working factors, including postural demands during general and laparoscopic surgery using SPSS software 25. Out of 171, 76% of the general surgeons and 86% of the laparoscopic surgeons reported suffering from WRMSDs within 1 year, and the 7-day prevalence was 24.5%. A total of 47.4% of the participants were also found to be at high risk or above, according to REBA scoring. Age, lifestyle, working hours, and number of surgeries performed per week were found to be significant (p value < 0.05) risk factors for WRMSDs. Assortment of coping strategies was employed, with changes in table/plinth height reported by 91.2% of the participants. The current study revealed that surgeons have a high prevalence of developing WRMSDs. Personal factors as well as work-related risk factors were found to be significant in the development of WRMSDs. General and laparoscopic surgeons exhibited different incidences of pain among body regions. Varying degrees of coping strategies were employed, with changing table/plinth height being the most common.