Background: This retrospective study evaluates patients with stage IV melanoma treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab combination therapy from two regional oncology centers in Romania from the year 2019 to the end of 2022. Methods: The data were analyzed in SAS for Windows, V9.4. LDH means were stratified by the number of metastatic sites before treatment and compared using an independent sample T-test. The survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the survival distributions were compared with the log-rank test. The effects of the main clinical and pathological variables on OS and PFS were investigated with Cox regression. Results: The LDH mean for patients with three or more metastases before treatment was significantly higher than that for patients with only one metastatic site. The Kaplan–Meier curve of OS in all evaluable patients enrolled in the study resulted in a median OS of 346 days (95% CI: 150) and a median PFS of 211 days (95% CI: 113–430). A total of 45.3% of the patients experienced adverse events during the nivolumab + ipilimumab treatment, with some of them having multiple organ systems involved. Discussion: The OS values were lower than those reported in approved clinical trials, but the results show a marked improvement when compared to the results obtained by chemotherapy regimens previously used in these scenarios. Conclusion: This study provides real-world insights into the survival data and safety profiles of combination therapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.

Background: Bone metastases (BM) have a detrimental effect on survival for patients with solid cancers. Materials and methods: This systematic review respected the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: When investigating OP as a risk factor for BM development, for breast cancer patients, some articles do not differentiate between intrinsic breast cancer subtypes. BMD does not seem to contribute in a significant manner when investigating Luminal A breast cancer. While researching breast cancer regardless of intrinsic subtype, untreated OP increases the risk of bone metastasis when compared to no OP group or treated OP group. In urological cancer cases, OP seems to predispose the patients to BM, especially early after diagnosis. Investigating risk factors for OP development in cancer patients resulted in the identification of 32 articles. Most articles identified risk factors for osteoporosis development in the context of breast cancer patients. Other commonly investigated solid cancers were prostate, other urological cancers, gynecological malignancies, and other less common subtypes of solid tumors. Discussion: While investigating OP as a risk factor for BM, it becomes clear that there is a high grade of heterogeneity in the behavior of each type of cancer in its dynamic concerning bone metastasis, and thus, OP might have different behaviors as a risk factor depending on the situation. Conclusion: There is a need for data regarding cancer subtypes that have not been explored concerning their interaction with the skeletal system in a low bone mineral density scenario.

Background: This study retrospective evaluates patients with stage IV melanoma treated with Nivolumab and Ipilimumab combination therapy from two regional oncology centers from Romania between the years of 2019 up to the end of 2022. Methods: The data were analyzed in SAS for Windows, V9.4. The survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival distributions were compared with log-rank test. The effects of the main clinical and pathological variables on OS and PFS were investigated with Cox regression. Results: Kaplan-Meier curve of OS in all evaluable patients enrolled in the study resulted in a median OS of 346 days (95% CI: 150-NA) and a median PFS of 211 days (95% CI: 113-430). 45.3% of the patients experienced adverse events during the Nivolumab + Ipilimumab treatment with some of them having multiple organ systems involved. Discussion: The OS values were lower than that reported in approval clinical trials, but the results show a marked improvement when comparing to results obtained by chemotherapy regimens previously used in these scenarios. Conclusion: This study provides real-world insights into the survival data and safety profiles of combination therapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.