The present research focuses on the endogenous development theory and investigates the relationships between economic growth (dependent variable) and renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, and export diversification (independent variables) in seven emerging economies known as the E-7. Previous studies have examined these factors individually but have not explored their combined impact on the E-7 economies. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature on the effects of renewable energy consumption, technological advancement, and export diversification on economic development. This study analyses the dynamic connections among these variables in seven selected emerging countries: Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey. Panel data from 1990 to 2022 are utilised, and various methodologies, including panel cointegration, the pooled mean group–autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) estimator, and robustness tests, such as the fully modified ordinary least square and dynamic ordinary least square tests, are employed. Empirical inferences are drawn using the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality (DHC) test, and the long-run relationships among the variables are validated using the Westerlund residual cointegration tests. The results from the PMG-ARDL estimator show that renewable energy consumption, technological advancement, and export diversification have a significant and positive impact on economic expansion, confirming the validity of the endogenous growth model in the E-7 countries. The control variable of the financial sector has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth, while trade openness has a negative and significant effect. The DHC test results indicate a neutral feedback effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also reveal a unidirectional causal relationship between technological innovation and economic growth. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for economic policymakers in the E-7 countries. By removing barriers to renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, and export diversification, policymakers can promote sustainable economic development.

This study investigated wheat crop area, production, and yield in Uttar Pradesh. Wheat crop data from 1990-91 to 2019-20 were obtained. Compound growth rate and trend analysis show that wheat crop area has reduced due to shift of rabi crops. The growth in Uttar Pradesh's per-hectare yield boosted wheat production from 1990-91 to 2019-20. The methods were calculated indicate use of semi log trend function and Johansen cointegration results, which reveal that number of irrigations affects wheat production. The study founds that cropping intensity, fertilizer, and transportation positively affected wheat production.

This paper examines agricultural financing and technological advances (fertilizer and irrigation) to mitigate the effect of climate change (temperature and rainfall) on Uttar Pradesh. Augmented Dickey–Fuller and P.P. test was used to identify variable unit roots test. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and Error correction model (E.C.M.) estimated long and short-run parameters for selected variables in Uttar Pradesh from 1990-91 to 2020-21. ARDL bounds testing indicated long-term co-integration between variables. This study revealed that In Uttar Pradesh, rainfall increased sugarcane output Increased, but temperature decreased. Long-term agricultural credit enhanced sugarcane output. The policy implication/recommendation or suggestion that it is used to invest in modern technology to production was maximum. The fertilizer improved and then increased sugarcane yield, showing that technology is crucial. This report recommends more comprehensive agricultural policies to suit the sector's financial demands and boost production technologies.

Growth analysis is commonly used throughout time to determine the trend of a certain variable and utilized in economic research to make policy choices. The exponential function predicted the compound increase in area, production, and yield of main food grains in Uttar Pradesh. Secondary data were gathered during a 70-year era, from 1950-51 to 2018-19. In Uttar Pradesh, growth in the area, production, and yield of main food grains such as rice and wheat were positive and substantial from 1950 to 2019. However, the rice area grew at a little negative pace. Wheat was discovered to be one of the most popular crops among major food grains, with the largest yearly growth in area, production, and yield. However, efforts should be made to rise the area under other major food grains (rice, wheat) with high-quality seeds of improved varieties, improved food grain production technology, price, marketing support, and effective extension mechanization to boost productivity of major food grains.

The present research focuses on the endogenous development theory and investigates the relationship between economic growth (dependent variable) and renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, and export diversification (independent variables) in seven emerging economies known as the E-7. Previous studies have examined these factors individually but have not explored their combined impact on the E-7 economies. Therefore, this study contributes to the existing literature on the effects of renewable energy consumption, technological advancement, and export diversification on economic development. The study analyses the dynamic connection among these variables in seven selected emerging countries: Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey. Panel data from 1990 to 2022 is utilized, and various methodologies, including panel cointegration, the PMG-ARDL estimator, and robustness tests such as FMOLS and DOLS, are employed. Empirical inferences are drawn using the Dumitrescu-Hurlin Panel Causality (DHC) test, and the long-run relationships among the variables are validated using the Westerlund residual cointegration tests. The results from the PMG-ARDL estimator show that renewable energy consumption, technological advancement, and export diversification have a significant and positive impact on economic expansion, confirming the validity of the endogenous growth model in the E-7 countries. The control variable of the financial sector has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth, while trade openness has a negative and significant effect. The DHC test results indicate a neutral feedback effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also reveal a unidirectional causal relationship between technological innovation and economic growth. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for economic policymakers in the E-7 countries. By removing barriers to renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, and export diversification, policymakers can promote sustainable economic development.

This paper examines the growth and instability of foodgrain production in Uttar Pradesh. The analysis is based on secondary data spanning the period from 1990–91 to 2020–21, sourced from various official repositories, including the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), statistical handbooks, Indiastat, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare. The study employs the Compound Growth Rate (CGR) and Cuddy-Della Valle Index (CDVI) as methodological tools. Findings indicate that the growth rate during the second sub-period (2000-01 to 2009-10) was lower in comparison to the first 1990-91 to (1999-00) and third sub-periods (2010-11 to 2020-21), while production instability was notably higher during this period. The study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions, particularly in the areas of ensuring favorable pricing mechanisms, expanding and improving irrigation infrastructure, addressing coastal salinity challenges, and advancing appropriate technologies in foodgrain production, including varietal enhancement and effective disease management strategies.