Using decellularized small-diameter vascular bypass substitutes (<6 mm) is an efficient method for bypass grafting. A solution containing 0.5% SDS (weight/volume) is commonly used for extended periods to generate acellular tissues. However, this solution causes damage to the microfibril structure and alters the mechanical forces. Hence, the objective of this study is to reduce the concentration of SDS to preserve the structure and achieve efficient decellularization. The study employs a diluted solution of 0.3% SDS (weight/volume) to treat fresh and frozen swine small-diameter arteries, utilizing physical methods such as freezing and thawing. The effectiveness of cell removal was evaluated using histological analysis and the remaining DNA content of the sample. Furthermore, the acellular circuit also assesses the cytotoxicity and proliferation of HUVECs to gauge their safety. Through the use of 0.3% SDS, a bioreactor system, and freezing-thawing, the pig arteries are successfully decellularized, resulting in residual DNA levels of less than 50 ng/mg dry weight. This process does not cause any major changes to the biomechanical or structural properties of the arteries. The acellular samples exhibit no toxicity on the L929 cell line and promote the growth of HUVECs at their highest rate on the fourth day. This allows for the placement of acellular vascular grafts to evaluate physiological processes within the animal body. This is an important requirement in clinical blood vessel transplantation.

Background: Vital pulp therapy (VPT) in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis represents a paradigm shift toward preserving pulp vitality. Advanced platelet‐rich fibrin plus (A‐PRF ⁺ ) is a bioactive scaffold capable of releasing high concentrations of growth factors; however, its concentration‐dependent effects on inflamed pulp‐derived stem cells remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration‐dependent effects of A‐PRF ⁺ and identify a biologically favorable concentration range for supporting the functional activity of dental pulp stem cells isolated from teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Methods: IP‐DPSCs were isolated from inflamed pulp tissues and characterized by flow cytometry and trilineage differentiation assays. A‐PRF ⁺ was prepared using the low‐speed centrifugation concept (LSCC). Cells were exposed to sequential dilutions of A‐PRF ⁺ extracts (100%, 50%, and 25%). Cell metabolic activity was assessed using the MTT assay. Cell migration was evaluated using a scratch assay, and wound closure rates were quantified with ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way or two‐way ANOVA with appropriate post‐hoc tests. Results: Flow‐cytometric analysis showed high expression of MSC‐associated markers (CD44, CD73, and CD90) and negligible expression of hematopoietic markers, while differentiation along osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages was observed following induction culture. A‐PRF ⁺ exhibited a biphasic concentration‐dependent effect. The 25% extract significantly enhanced cell migration, achieving a wound closure rate of 27.09 ± 4.03%, compared with 13.16 ± 4.50% in the 100% extract group ( p = 0.013). Undiluted A‐PRF ⁺ showed inhibitory effects on both migration and metabolic activity. Conclusion: A‐PRF ⁺ exerted concentration‐dependent effects on IP‐DPSCs, with diluted preparations supporting greater migration and metabolic activity than undiluted extracts. These findings suggest the existence of a biologically favorable concentration range for A‐PRF ⁺ and provide a rationale for further investigation of concentration optimization in regenerative endodontic applications.

Several previous studies in the field of assisted reproduction have focused on the use of blood gel derivatives, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), as a treatment for endometrial rehabilitation. However, the ability to release growth factors and the gel form of this product led to the evolution of platelet lysates. In this study, blood gel derivatives, including PRF lysate, which was in liquid form, and PRF gel, were collected and evaluated for growth factors. It was shown to be effective in endometrial wound healing and regeneration in mouse injured uterine tissue models through structure and function (pinopode expression, embryo implantation) evaluation. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of growth factors, including PDGF-AB and VEGF-A, were higher in the PRF lysate compared to the PRF gel (p < 0.05). PRF lysate could release these growth factors for 8 days. Furthermore, both PRF gel and PRF lysate restored the morphology of injured endometrial tissues in terms of luminal and glandular epithelia, as well as uterine gland secretory activity. However, the presence of pinopodes and embryonic implantation were only observed in the PRF lysate group. It can be concluded that PRF lysate promotes wound healing in mouse injured tissue models in vitro, which can act as healing products in tissue repair.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary artery bypass grafting being the most effective treatment for severe cases. While autografts are preferred, donor veins are often limited. Human umbilical arteries (hUAs) show promise as an alternative. However, to make vascular graft by decellularization, a traditional chemical method can damage tissue structure and function. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the shortening of treatment time and the hUA decellularization efficiency of the perfusion bioreactor systems. Methods: hUAs were perfused with 1% Triton X-100 for 6 h, followed by two different concentrations of (0.5% and 1%) SDS for 18 h, and subsequently subjected to a washing procedure. The decellularization process was evaluated using histological staining and DNA quantification, along with tests for cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and proliferation. Results: The 0.5% SDS protocol proved most effective, reducing residual DNA to below 50 ng/mg of dry weight while preserving collagen structure. It showed no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, SEM analysis confirmed human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) attachment and CCK-8 testing showed promoted HUVECs proliferation. Conclusion: The decellularization protocol of perfusing through 1% TX for 6 h and 0.5% SDS for 18 h through the perfusion bioreactor system is efficient in the intact hUAs tissue. This sets the stage for future in vivo studies and potential clinical applications.