This study examines how green training can give businesses a sustainable competitive edge. Environmentally conscious strategies and operations result in lower costs, improved reputation, increased customer loyalty, and increased market opportunities driven by environmentally conscious consumers. Sustainable business conduct requires green training programmes to enhance employees’ environmental awareness. This study examines the effects of green training on sustainable business advantage using the literature and empirical analysis. This study also examines how green supply chain practices mediate this association. Green supply chain practices include environmentally friendly procurement, production, transportation, and disposal methods. Green recruitment involves selecting and hiring people who understand environmental issues and are committed to sustainability. This method integrates eco-friendly staff. A total of 583 Saudi manufacturing contract workers were studied. IBM SPSS Amos was used to analyse the data from model testing. Green training improves sustainable business advantage, according to the study. The study suggests that green supply chain practices mediate this relationship. Green training improves operational efficiency, resource use, and environmental performance. Green training can be applied to green supply chain practices, resulting in measurable and sustainable results. This study examines green training, recruitment, sustainable business advantage, and green supply chain practices to improve sustainability management understanding. These insights help organisations align their strategies with environmental sustainability, giving them a competitive edge in the 21st century’s ever-changing business environment.

Employee engagement has been at the center of attention for human resource personnel and researchers who stated that employee engagement can be a key driver of an organization's business success. Many researchers have found in recent researches that a transformational leadership style has a beneficial connection with employee engagement. Thus, this study aims to find the causal effect of perceived transformational leadership on employee engagement through the mediating role of leader’s emotional intelligence. We analyze the data from a sample of 338 full-time employees working in the ICT sector in Palestine using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the hypothesis. Later, the bootstrapping analysis was conducted to confirm the mediation test in this study. The finding shows that transformational leadership style has a significant effect on employee engagement for the mediating role of emotional intelligence. The effect of transformational leadership on employee engagement was found to be completely mediated by leader’s emotional intelligence at work. Theoretically, this empirical study contributed to the new knowledge on the unique mediating effects of leader’s emotional intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement in the Middle Eastern Region. Practically, this study has managerial implication in the area of organizational management, leadership and human resource management.

The approach to building university image deals with student trust, student satisfaction, and student loyalty. However, few studies are available on university image context and its role on student loyalty. University image is considered a vital component of the educational sectors' success in recent years. With the current increase in public and private universities across Malaysia, the academic industry has become increasingly competitive. The circumstance necessitates Universities to focus their energies on creating a positive corporate image by increasing student loyalty. Trust and satisfaction play an essential role in order to achieve and maintain student loyalty. The research also reviewed the relationship between student trust and student satisfaction to establish their relationship with student loyalty.

Purpose: The current study hypotheses that the antecedent factors (knowledge, skills and abilities, change attitude, and training) would influence budget preparers’ awareness of accrual-based budgeting in the Malaysian public sector. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed a questionnaire survey to investigate three variables, namely knowledge, skills and abilities, change attitude, and training in predicting the accrual-based budgeting awareness among budget preparers in the Malaysian government sector. Before data collection, the questionnaire survey was validated by conducting expert reviews before examining 42 pilot data through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Subsequently, multiple regression analysis was performed on 174 collected responses. Findings: The findings revealed that the three variables significantly influence budget preparers’ awareness of accrual-based budgeting in the Malaysian public sector. Specifically, fundamental knowledge is essential to assist in implementing accrual-based budgeting, while skills and capabilities, including communication, analytical, interpersonal, and technical skills, are integral to participating in the planning, preparation, negotiation, and monitoring of accrual-based budgeting activities. Simultaneously, budget preparers’ commitment to change, self-efficacy, and valence would be critical in transforming from cash-based to accrual-based budgeting. Furthermore, robust training is pivotal to increasing accrual-based budgeting awareness. Practical Implications: The present study contributed theoretical evidence to the existing literature by addressing the knowledge gap due to limited studies on the relevant topic. This study also provided instrumental insights into accrual-based budgeting awareness determinants which supported the Malaysian government in executing the economic transformation agenda. Originality/Value: The study is among the first to examine antecedent factors influencing accrual-based budgeting awareness to bridge the knowledge gap in the current literature. Keywords: Awareness, knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA), change attitude, training, accrual-based budgeting.

Purpose: This qualitative study mainly aims to examine the awareness of budget preparers on accrual-based budgeting in the Malaysian Public sector and their perception of its challenges. Specifically, the objectives of this paper are twofold. Firstly, to provide a critical review of the literature on the accrual-based budgeting. Secondly, to examine the awareness of budget preparers of the key concepts of accrual-based budgeting and its challenges to successfully implement accrual-based budgeting in Malaysia. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs face-to-face and semistructured interviews conducted with six (6) budget preparers who have been carefully identified and selected within the public sector in Malaysia. Findings: Our results indicate that there is a high level of awareness of accrual-based budgeting among budget preparers, but this is not the case with other employees who do not have hands-on practice in accounting. Our findings also reveal that knowledge and understanding, upper management enforcement and aggressive promotion is important in determining awareness of accrual budgeting. A further examination of implementation challenges reveals that understanding, cost increment, resistance to change, information and training are the main concerns in implementing accrual-based budgeting. Our results are very similar to studies in other countries. Practical Implications: This study sheds light on awareness of the concept of accrual-based budgeting among budget preparers in the Malaysian public sector and has certain implications pertaining to policy-making. Originality/Value: Our study is among the first to provide an in-depth analysis of accrual-based budgeting in the Malaysian setting. The findings of this study are expected to provide information to regulators and standard setters on the awareness and the implementation issue of accrual-based budgeting. Keywords: Accrual-based budgeting, public sector, qualitative, awareness, challenges