This work looks at the impact of female hormonal fluctuations throughout life, during puberty, pregnancy and the menopause, on oral health. These physiological periods, marked by major variations in estrogen and progesterone levels, influence oral health, so the following question was formulated: to what extent do female hormonal fluctuations influence oral health? Through a scoping review of 37 scientific articles selected using a rigorous methodology (in particular using the Rayyan tool), it was possible to highlight clinical manifestations specific to each hormonal stage. In adolescent girls, puberty is frequently accompanied by exacerbated gingivitis, independent of dental plaque. During pregnancy, the increase in hormones leads to increased gingival inflammation and transient tooth mobility. Finally, the menopause is associated with a drop in female sex hormones, which can lead to dry mouth, altered salivary flora and accelerated bone loss, all of which contribute to the worsening of periodontal disease. These results underline the importance of a preventive and personalized approach to oral health care for patients, taking into account the hormonal context. They also highlight the collaboration between dentists, general practitioners and gynecologists, to optimize comprehensive care for women at every stage of their hormonal life.

Introduction: The first goal of this research was to perceive the global commitment towards the organization and archiving of dental records and to compare it with each country’s security risk rating. The second one was to study dental records in a sample of the Portuguese military population, using the available national dental records.Material and Methods: An e-mail was sent to representative dentistry associations in several countries, requesting some information concerning the professionals’ awareness of this issue. After obtaining permission from the Ethics Committee, the information was collected through the Forensic Dental Symbols® system into the Dental Encoder®, as an extension of a Spanish study, and a generic codification was used (unrestored, restored, missing and crowned teeth).Results: The most common dental record retention period is ten years after treatment. Observing the samples’ dental records (595 files), we found a total of 19 040 analyzed teeth, with the following frequencies: unrestored (89.6%), restored (7.0%), missing (2.2%) and crowned (1.1%).Discussion: There is a wide range of guidelines on how long dentists should keep dental records. Especially for the military population, dental records must include detailed information concerning each tooth situation, in order to support the process of human identification.Conclusion: This article reinforces the need for mandatory quality dental records in all countries, which must be efficiently stored and easily accessible in case dental identification is necessary. For the military population, these requirements are especially important, due to the added risks to which this group is subject.

Forensic dentistry and sexual dimorphism are distinct concepts. Still, they are related due to the usefulness that the first may have in the second, and this review focuses on them. A scoping review will be performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology. Scientific databases and grey literature will be used, and the following keywords will be applied: amelogenin, analyses, sex determination, and human identification. This scoping review will include in vitro studies concerning the goal of this review. This scoping review will deepen our knowledge concerning using teeth and amelogenin genes in sex identification in a forensic context. According to the available data, it will help implement guidelines for human remains identification. This protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework.

Background: Sexual dimorphism is crucial in forensic investigations. Molecular methods involving amelogenin, a protein in tooth enamel, are used to determine sexual dimorphism by extracting DNA from teeth, amplifying the gene coding for amelogenin through PCR, and analyzing PCR product sizes to identify X and/or Y chromosomes. Objective: This scoping review explored scientific studies using the amelogenin gene to determine sex in forensic dentistry. It addressed the research question: do molecular methods determine sexual dimorphism for forensic identification? Material and methods: A literature review (1996–2024) was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE (via BVS), and CINAHL (via EBSCO host). Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided the selection process, summarized in a PRISMA flowchart. A PCC (Population-Concept-Context) strategy was applied to formulate the research question. Results: Thirteen of the 1091 articles initially considered met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies examined forensic dentistry and sex determination through amelogenin identification. They were categorized into “with treatment” (7 studies) and “without treatment” (6 studies), and all involved in vitro research. Conclusion: Molecular methods targeting the amelogenin gene on the X and Y chromosomes offer an accurate and reliable approach to determining sex.