With the increasing dominance of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, the important prospects for their application have extended to various medical fields, including domains such as in vitro diagnosis, intelligent rehabilitation, medical imaging, and prognosis. Breast cancer is a common malignancy that critically affects women’s physical and mental health. Early breast cancer screening—through mammography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—can substantially improve the prognosis for breast cancer patients. AI applications have shown excellent performance in various image recognition tasks, and their use in breast cancer screening has been explored in numerous studies. This paper introduces relevant AI techniques and their applications in the field of medical imaging of the breast (mammography and ultrasound), specifically in terms of identifying, segmenting, and classifying lesions; assessing breast cancer risk; and improving image quality. Focusing on medical imaging for breast cancer, this paper also reviews related challenges and prospects for AI.

The retro-psoas iliac artery is a rare vascular anomaly that has been reported few times in the literature; and while it may be clinically silent with no specific symptoms; reporting it can prevent many complications that may arise during surgical and interventional procedures. We report a case of a 40-year-old male who presented with progressive neurological symptoms, and was found to have a right retro-psoas iliac artery as an incidental finding on a lumbar spine MRI.