The fast development of smart sensors and wearable devices has provided the opportunity to develop intelligent operator workspaces. The resultant Human-Cyber-Physical Systems (H-CPS) integrate the operators into flexible and multi-purpose manufacturing processes. The primary enabling factor of the resultant Operator 4.0 paradigm is the integration of advanced sensor and actuator technologies and communications solutions. This work provides an extensive overview of these technologies and highlights that the design of future workplaces should be based on the concept of intelligent space.

Home refrigerators produce a substantial part of the annual power consumption in an average household. To further improve the efficiency of these devices, new intelligent control solutions are required. These solutions necessitate the behaviour modeling of the refrigerators. We seek models with as simple structure as possible, since future intelligent controllers may use such models in real time, thus their evaluation must be feasible even on simple microcontrollers. We investigate various dynamic models to describe the behavior of the refrigerator, i.e. the cool-down and warm-up phases. For model parameter identification real data was collected from a real home refrigerator. Data processing, modeling and the parameter identification were performed in MATLAB environment.

The purpose of this chapter is that an enquirer in the topics of e-commerce and e-business should get introspection into the protocol aspects of electronic business technology.

In a graph $G$, a set $D\subseteq V(G)$ is called 2-dominating set if each vertex not in $D$ has at least two neighbors in $D$. The 2-domination number $\gamma_2(G)$ is the minimum cardinality of such a set $D$. We give a method for the construction of 2-dominating sets, which also yields upper bounds on the 2-domination number in terms of the number of vertices, if the minimum degree $\delta(G)$ is fixed. These improve the best earlier bounds for any $6 \le \delta(G) \le 21$. In particular, we prove that $\gamma_2(G)$ is strictly smaller than $n/2$, if $\delta(G) \ge 6$. Our proof technique uses a weight-assignment to the vertices where the weights are changed during the procedure.