Introduction: Sargassum polycystum is one of marine algal which has a potent antioxidant anticancer activities. This research aims to investigate phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity of marine algal Sargassum polycystum on cervical HeLa cancer. Methods: Sargassum polycystum collected from Dompu beach, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, Indonesia, were extracted into organic solvent of n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform and ethanol, respectively. Subsequently, Sargassum polycystum extracts were applied for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis, phytochemistry test, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, as well as for antioxidant activity test by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on HeLa cells by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Phytochemical analysis of S. polycystum extracts are positive for metabolites of flavonoid, steroid, tannin and glycoside. TLC analysis revealed that S. polycystum extracts containing four phytochemical components. Ethylacetate extract of S. polycystum showed the highest total phenolic content, and exhibited greater antioxidant activity than ethanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content in ethylacetate extract are 548.61 µg/mL and 40.06 µg /mL, respectively. Ethylacetate extract of S. polycystum with IC 50 value of 298.3 µg/mL is assigned to have a weak antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical. The results indicate that antioxidant activity of ethylacetate extracts of S. polycystum is directly correlated with its total phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, S. polycystum extracts demonstrated a strong anticancer activity on cervical HeLa cells with IC 50 ranging from 38.3 µg/mL to 112.8 µg/mL. Conclusion: This work confirmed that S.polycystum are promising natural antioxidant and anti-cervical cancer agents.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition with structural and functional impairment, where either the left ventricle or both ventricular chambers are enlarged, coinciding with reduced systolic pump function (reduced ejection fraction, rEF). The prevalence of DCM is more than 1:250 individuals, and mortality largely due to heart failure in two-third of cases, and sudden cardiac death in one-third of patients. Damage to the myocardium, whether from a genetic or environmental cause such as viruses, triggers inflammation and recruits immune cells to the heart to repair the myocardium. Examination of myocardial biopsy tissue often reveals an inflammatory cell infiltrate, T lymphocyte (T cell) infiltration, or other activated immune cells. Despite medical therapy, adverse outcomes for DCM remain. The evidence base and existing literature suggest that upregulation of CX₃CR1, migration of immune cells, together with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesise that this potentially occurs through cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in adverse remodelling. Immune modulators to target this pathway may potentially improve outcomes above and beyond current guideline-recommended therapy.

Aims: To investigate the prognostic value of admission blood glucose (BG) in predicting COVID-19 outcomes, including poor composite outcomes (mortality/severity), mortality, and severity. Materials and methods: Eligible studies evaluating the prognostic value of fasting BG (FBG) and random BG (RBG) levels in predicting COVID-19 outcomes were included and assessed for risk of bias with the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Random-effects high-vs-low meta-analysis followed by dose-response analysis using generalized least squares model in a two-stage random-effects meta-analysis were conducted. Potential non-linear association was explored using restricted cubic splines and pooled using restricted maximum likelihood model in a multivariate meta-analysis. Results: The search yielded 35 studies involving a total of 14,502 patients. We discovered independent association between admission FBG and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated non-linear relationship between admission FBG and severity (P _{non-linearity} <0.001), where each 1 mmol/L increase augmented the risk of COVID-19 severity by 33% (risk ratio 1.33 [95% CI: 1.26-1.40]). Albeit exhibiting similar trends, study scarcity limited the strength of evidence on the independent prognostic value of admission RBG. GRADE assessment yielded high-quality evidence for the association between admission FBG and COVID-19 severity, and moderate-quality evidence for its association with mortality and poor outcomes, while the other assessments yielded very low-to-low quality. Conclusion: High level of FBG at admission was independently associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Further researches to confirm the observed prognostic value of admission RBG and to ascertain the estimated dose-response risk between admission FBG and on COVID-19 severity are required.

Background: Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) are aberrant vessels that typically form to compensate for cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) with restricted pulmonary blood flow. This often obscures clinical suspicion of MAPCAs in CHDs associ-ated with pulmonary overcirculation, making it potentially unrecognized. Case Illustration: We report the case of a 5-month-old girl presenting with dyspnea, recurrent respiratory infections, and failure to thrive. Echocardiography revealed double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). After initial treatment for heart failure and pneumonia, she underwent pul-monary artery (PA) banding and PDA ligation. Ongoing poor postoperative status prompted a second surgery, where intraventricular tunnel repair failed due to inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. An atrial septectomy and PA band retightening achieved hemodynamic improvement, but the patient remained ventilator-dependent with recurrent pneumonia. Further evaluation with multislice CT and catheterisation uncovered previously undiagnosed MAPCAs supplying the right lung and a hypoplastic right pulmonary artery (RPA), precluding embolisation. Since the MAPCAs and hypoplastic RPA were initially unrecognized, the PA banding procedure inadvertently exacerbated the right lung. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of considering MAPCAs in various CHD morphologies and emphasizes the value of pre-procedural imaging selection to optimize surgical planning and outcomes. Keyword : Double Outlet Right Ventricle; Echocardiography; Hypoplastic Right Pulmonary Artery; Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries; Multislice Computerized Tomography.