Antibiotic overuse poses a critical global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to quality healthcare and effective regulatory frameworks often fall short. This issue necessitates a thorough examination of the factors contributing to antibiotic overuse in LMICs, including weak healthcare infrastructure, limited access to quality services, and deficiencies in diagnostic capabilities. To address these challenges, regulatory frameworks should be implemented to restrict non-prescription sales, and accessible point-of-care diagnostic tools must be emphasized. Furthermore, the establishment of effective stewardship programs, the expanded use of vaccines, and the promotion of health systems, hygiene, and sanitation are all crucial components in combating antibiotic overuse. A comprehensive approach that involves collaboration among healthcare professionals, policymakers, researchers, and educators is essential for success. Improving healthcare infrastructure, enhancing access to quality services, and strengthening diagnostic capabilities are paramount. Equally important are education and awareness initiatives to promote responsible antibiotic use, the implementation of regulatory measures, the wider utilization of vaccines, and international cooperation to tackle the challenges of antibiotic overuse in LMICs.

The journal retracts the article “Empowering Low- and Middle-Income Countries to Combat AMR by Minimal Use of Antibiotics: A Way Forward”

Patient satisfaction is crucial for evaluating healthcare quality and guiding policy decisions to improve services. Globally, community pharmacies are shifting towards patient’s care but faces the diverse perceptions. This study aims to explore the community pharmacy services in Saudi Arabia by conducting a of nationwide patient satisfaction survey. A multicentred online study was conducted across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through extensive literature review, a questionnaire was developed that was assessed for validity, and reliability. A sample size of 565 customers was calculated. The data was analysed by using SPSS for descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test. About 68.4% of participants were under the age of 35. Over half of the study's participants (60.3%) were female. Around half (51.9%) possessed a bachelor's degree. Over 70% expressed satisfaction with the education, training, age, and behaviour of the pharmacist. Additionally, more than 57.2% reported satisfaction with the presence of a noise-free separate counselling area within the pharmacy. The majority of participants (68.2%) expressed satisfaction or high satisfaction with the involvement of a prescriber in medicine dispensing. Over 66% reported satisfaction or high satisfaction with the readability of instructions on labels. Additionally, more than 55% expressed satisfaction or high satisfaction with the counselling and re-counselling process. These findings reveal the positive perception of community pharmacy services among participants. Further trainings of pharmacist and staff may strengthen the counselling services from the pharmacies