Intestinal organoids have emerged as powerful model systems for studying the complex structure and function of the intestine. However, there is a lack of widely applicable methods for the collection, labeling, and imaging of intestinal organoids. In this study, we developed a novel method for loading and labeling intestinal organoids, a method that efficiently collects the organoids and facilitates imaging of their three-dimensional (3D) structure. Based on this strainer platform, mouse intestinal organoids were adequately collected and immobilized, facilitating the immunolabeling workflow to target proteins of the organoids. After evaluation, the strainer size of 40 μm was considered to be more conducive to the collection and labeling of mouse intestinal organoids. More extensive research on organoids of multiple types and species origins will contribute to broadening the applicability of the methodology. Overall, our study proposes an innovative workflow for loading and analyzing intestinal organoids. The combination of a strainer-based collection method, fluorescent labeling, and 3D reconstruction provides valuable insights into the organization and complexity of these tissue models, thereby offering new avenues for investigating intestinal development, disease modeling, and drug discovery.

Poxviruses have been associated with humans for centuries. From smallpox to mpox to lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), members of the poxvirus family have continued to threaten the lives of humans and domestic animals. A complete understanding of poxvirus-mediated cellular processes will aid in the response to challenges from the viruses. In this study, we demonstrate that LSDV infection results in an abnormal ultrastructure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen in primary bovine embryonic fibroblast (BEF) cells, and we further show that an ER imbalance occurs in LSDV-infected BEF cells. Additionally, we believe that ER stress-related apoptosis plays a role in the late apoptosis of BEF cells infected with LSDV, primarily through the activation of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)-Caspase-12 signal. In addition to cell apoptosis, a further investigation showed that LSDV could also activate autophagy in BEF cells, providing additional insight into the exact causes of LSDV-induced BEF cell death. Our findings suggest that LSDV-induced BEF cell apoptosis and autophagy may provide new avenues for laboratory diagnosis of lumpy skin disease progression and exploration of BEF cell processes.

The development of organoid research has raised new requirements for this methodology. In a previous study, we demonstrated that an emerging protocol achieved the collection, loading, and programmed immunolabeling of mouse intestinal organoids based on a strainer platform. To uncover the applied potential of this novel methodology on organoids from other species, the strainer platform was utilized to characterize the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected porcine intestinal organoid model. Based on a previous study, some steps were changed to improve the efficiency of the assay by simplifying the reagent addition procedure. In addition, we redefined the range of strainer sizes on porcine intestinal organoids, showing that strainers with pore sizes of 40 and 70 μm matched the above protocol well. Notably, the strainer platform was successfully used to label viral proteins, laying the foundation for its application in the visualization of viral infection models. In summary, the potential of the strainer platform for organoid technology was explored further. More extensive exploration of this platform will contribute to the development of organoid technology.

Organoids are pivotal for bridging cellular-level and organism-level biological studies; however, significant challenges persist in their three-dimensional (3D) visualization. This study presents a nylon mesh chip designed to overcome these obstacles specifically for intestinal organoids (IOs). The chip, meticulously fabricated and assembled, comprises an upper glass layer, a nylon mesh, and a lower glass layer. We cultured IOs from mouse intestinal crypts and performed fluorescent labeling on the chip. For enhanced visualization, fluorescent labeling combined with 3D reconstruction techniques was employed. Results demonstrate that the chip's structure stabilizes IOs in liquid environments. While conventional fluorescence imaging is limited by mesh interference, laser confocal 3D reconstruction achieves high-quality visualization by effectively filtering out redundant signals. The nylon mesh chip is a robust tool for 3D visualization of IOs and holds potential for other budding organoid types. This innovation is poised to advance organoid 3D visualization research.

Background/Objectives: Myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction is a critical pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases, closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and excessive neutrophil activation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) serve as crucial mediators of myocardial microvascular inflammatory injury. Dalbergia odorifera volatile oil (DOVO) demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, its protective role against myocardial microcirculatory damage and its regulatory effect on NET formation remain inadequately characterized. This study investigates the protective effects of DOVO on myocardial microcirculatory disturbances and elucidates the underlying mechanisms related to NETs. Methods: A rat model of myocardial microcirculatory dysfunction was established through polyethylene microsphere injection, and an in vitro neutrophil inflammation model was generated using differentiated HL-60 cells. DOVO was administered at various doses both in vivo and in vitro, and hemodynamics, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and NET-related markers, including MPO and CitH3, were analyzed. Results: DOVO dose-dependently ameliorated microcirculatory impairment, hemodynamic disorders, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats, significantly suppressing NET formation. In differentiated HL-60 cells, DOVO similarly reduced inflammatory gene expression and inhibited LPS-induced NETs production by downregulating MPO and CitH3. Conclusions: DOVO suggests a protective effect against myocardial microcirculatory injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and subsequent NET formation. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which DOVO alleviates microcirculation-related cardiac damage and provide a theoretical basis for its application in cardiovascular injury.

The dysregulation of intestinal lipid metabolism induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) is associated with metabolic diseases; however, the validity of intestinal organoids (IOs) as substitutes for traditional research systems remains uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether fatty acid (FA)-treated IOs accurately replicate intestinal lipid metabolism observed in HFD mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal chow diet (NCD) or HFD for 12 weeks, while mouse small intestinal crypt-derived IOs were treated in vitro with either an FA cocktail or a vehicle. Mice on the HFD exhibited phenotypes characteristic of metabolic syndrome, including intestinal lipid accumulation, upregulation of lipid catabolic genes, and downregulation of lipogenic genes. FA-treated IOs demonstrated enhanced budding frequency, lipid droplet accumulation, enriched lipid catabolism pathways, and suppressed lipogenesis, aligning with the in vivo findings. Omics analyses of the top 87 variable genes indicated a strong congruence between FA-treated IOs and intestinal tissues from HFD mice, with control groups clustering distinctly. The differentially expressed genes in both models were implicated in metabolic reprogramming, immune modulation, and barrier remodeling. Therefore, FA-treated IOs recapitulate key morphological and transcriptional characteristics of intestinal lipid metabolism in HFD mice, offering a valuable complementary model for investigating intestinal metabolic disorders.