To investigate the impact of landscape characteristics on microclimate and thermal comfort in summer urban parks in Xinjiang, we focused on Mingzhu Park in Shihezi City. We collected microclimatic data through field measurements and analyzed the correlations among these factors, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET), and the landscape features. ENVI-met was utilized for microclimate simulations to assess the optimization effects. The results revealed that different landscape features significantly influenced the microclimate and thermal comfort. Trees and grass effectively lowered the temperature, increased humidity, reduced wind speeds, blocked solar radiation, and decreased the PET. Water bodies exposed to sunlight and without shade have a low reflectivity, leading to significant temperature increases. While evaporation can lower the surrounding temperatures, the water surface temperature remains higher than in shaded areas, raising temperatures there. The temperature, humidity, wind speed, and mean radiant temperature show significant correlations. The correlation ranking is as follows: mean radiant temperature (T_mrt) > air temperature (T_a) > relative humidity (RH) > wind speed (V_a). After increasing the tree cover and designing dispersed water bodies, the average PET decreased by up to 0.67 °C, with the park experiencing the largest reduction of 1.86 °C. The PET in the eastern built-up area was reduced by 0.35 °C, and in the western built-up area, by only 0.13 °C.

To address the poor thermal comfort of library exteriors in hot and dry regions during the summer, this study takes the libraries of universities in Xinjiang as its research object. It corrects the range of the perceived environmental temperature (PET) index for evaluating comfort in Xinjiang by combining subjective and objective methods. It explores the impact and adjustment mechanism of physical parameters on PET through field measurements and simulations. Finally, it determines the optimal external environmental design based on PET. The research results show that the neutral temperature of PET in Xinjiang during the summer is 27.44 °C, and the optimal comfort temperature range is 25.52–29.36 °C. The correlation between meteorological and physical parameters and PET is as follows: Tg > G > Ta > RH > SVF > reflectance > Va. The optimal PET design includes a combination of a water body in the upwind direction on the south side, an asphalt underlay, grass, and large-leaved wax vegetation. In the optimal scheme, PET decreased by 6.73 °C, or 12.59%, compared with Case 0 at 18:00. This study provides a reference for the design of external environmental conditions in hot and dry regions during the summer.

A head loss model for pressureless mesh filters used in farmland irrigation was developed by integrating the four basic test factors: irrigation flow, filter cartridge speed, self-cleaning flow, and initial sand content. The model’s coefficient of determination was found to be 98.61%. Among the basic factors, the total irrigation flow accounted for only 17.20% of the relatively small self-cleaning flow. The contribution of initial sand content was found to be the smallest, with a coefficient of only 0.0166. Furthermore, the contribution rate of the flow term was significantly higher than that of the initial sand content, with a value of 159.73%. In terms of quadratic interaction, the difference between the interaction term of flushing flow and filter cartridge speed, and the interaction term of filter cartridge speed and self-cleaning flow was 38.42%. On the other hand, the difference within this level for the interaction term between initial sand content and filter cartridge speed, as well as the interaction term between irrigation flow and self-cleaning flow, was 2.82%. Finally, through joint optimization of the response surface and model, the optimal values for the irrigation flow rate, filter cartridge speed, self-cleaning flow rate, and initial sand content were determined to be 121.687 m³·h⁻¹, 1.331 r·min⁻¹, 19.980 m³·h⁻¹, and 0.261 g·L⁻¹; the measured minimum head loss was found to be 21.671 kPa. These research findings can serve as a reference for enhancing the design of farmland filters and optimizing irrigation systems.

Aiming at the problems of large energy consumption and serious pollution of winter heating existing in the rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang, a combined active-passive heating system was proposed, and the simulation software was used to optimize the parameters of the system, according to the parameters obtained from the optimization, a test platform was built and winter heating test was carried out. The simulation results showed that the thickness of the air layer of 75 mm, the total area of the vent holes of 0.24 m, and the thickness of the insulation layer of 120 mm were the optimal construction for the passive part; solar collector area of 28 m, hot water storage tank volume of 1.4 m, mass flow rate of 800 kg/h on the collector side, mass flow rate of 400 kg/h on the heat exchanger side, and output power of auxiliary heat source of 5~9 kW were the optimal constructions for active heating system. Test results showed that during the heating period, the system could provide sufficient heat to the room under different heating modes, and the indoor temperature reached over 18°C, which met the heating demand. The economic and environmental benefits of the system were analyzed, and the economic benefits of the system were better than coal-fired heating, and the CO emissions were reduced by 3,292.25 kg compared with coal-fired heating. The results of the study showed that the combined active-passive heating system could effectively solve the heating problems existing in rural buildings in Southern Xinjiang, and it also laid the theoretical foundation for the popularization of the combined heating systems.

This study proposes a multi-energy complementary heating system that uses solar energy combined with biomass energy as the main heat source, with electricity as an auxiliary heat source. The system aims to tackle the low efficiency, high energy consumption, and pollution associated with traditional heating methods in rural southern Xinjiang, enhancing performance and productivity. It is designed to operate in five modes based on the region’s climate and building heat load requirements. An experimental platform was set up in eight rural households in Tumushuk City, Xinjiang, where winter heating tests were conducted. The goal of this study was to analyze the economic and environmental benefits of the system. The results showed that the energy utilization efficiencies of the five modes were 56.84%, 74.34%, 70.1%, 63.13%, and 59.68%. The corresponding CO₂ emissions were 3.56 kg/d, 45.09 kg/d, 105.75 kg/d, 30.97 kg/d, and 76.79 kg/d. The environmental and economic costs for each mode were 0.0493 USD/d, 0.6398 USD/d, 1.5029 USD/d, 0.4384 USD/d, and 1.0905 USD/d. It is clear that as an auxiliary heat source, biomass energy is more beneficial than electricity. All five modes maintained indoor temperatures of 18 °C or higher, meeting winter heating needs in cold regions. The results of this study provide important data support for the promotion and application of solar and biomass heating systems in the rural areas of southern Xinjiang and also provide valuable references for solving the problem of decentralized heating in rural areas.