The problem of antibiotic resistance is a global critical public health concern. In light of the threat of returning to the pre-antibiotic era, new alternative approaches are required such as quorum-sensing (QS) disruption and virulence inhibition, both of which apply no discernible selective pressure on bacteria, therefore mitigating the potential for the development of resistant strains. Bearing in mind the significant role of QS in orchestrating bacterial virulence, disrupting QS becomes essential for effectively diminishing bacterial virulence. This study aimed to assess the potential use of sub-inhibitory concentration (0.25 mg/mL) of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to inhibit virulence in Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. GTN could decrease the expression of virulence genes in both tested bacteria in a significant manner. Histopathological study revealed the ability of GTN to alleviate the congestion in hepatic and renal tissues of infected mice and to reduce bacterial and leukocyte infiltration. This study recommends the use of topical GTN to treat topical infection caused by P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens in combination with antibiotics.

Obesity is a growing global health challenge, necessitating effective treatment options beyond lifestyle interventions. This narrative review explores established and emerging pharmacotherapies for weight management, including parenteral agents like Liraglutide, Semaglutide, Setmelanotide, and Tirzepatide, as well as peroral medications such as Phentermine, Phentermine/Topiramate, Bupropion/Naltrexone, Orlistat, and Metformin. Newer treatments like Cagrilintide and Bimagrumab show promise for enhancing weight loss outcomes. Parenteral GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate superior efficacy compared to traditional peroral medications, with gastrointestinal side effects being the most common. Artificial intelligence presents intriguing opportunities to enhance weight loss strategies; however, its integration into clinical practice remains investigational and requires rigorous clinical validation. While current anti-obesity medications deliver significant benefits, future research must determine the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of AI-driven approaches. This includes exploring how AI can complement combination therapies and tailor personalized interventions, thereby grounding its potential benefits in robust clinical evidence. Future directions will focus on integrating AI into clinical trials to refine and personalize obesity management strategies.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by sudden cardiomyocyte death due to impaired blood supply and remains a leading cause of mortality despite advances in management. Aloe vera, a plant rich in over 75 bioactive compounds, including vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, and anthraquinones, has been widely used in traditional medicine and modern healthcare. Increasing evidence supports its cardioprotective potential through multiple mechanisms. Aloe vera and its derivatives have demonstrated antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and vasodilatory effects relevant to MI pathophysiology. Compounds such as aloe-emodin, emodin, aloin, barbaloin, and selenium-enriched polysaccharides have been shown to modulate pathways including Nrf2/HO-1, TGF-β/SMAD, ERK, ferroptosis inhibition, ionic pump activity, and microRNA regulation. These molecular effects translate into reductions in oxidative damage, apoptotic signaling, inflammatory cytokine release, calcium imbalance, and creatine kinase/LDH leakage, while preserving myocardial structure and function in preclinical models. Collectively, preclinical studies suggest the potential cardioprotective effects of Aloe vera-derived preparations and compounds; however, robust clinical evidence in myocardial infarction is lacking, and their therapeutic relevance remains uncertain.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a rare and aggressive pediatric and young adult brain tumor arising from midline structures of the central nervous system. Surgical resection is not possible due to its infiltrative nature, and radiotherapy remains the only standard treatment with limited benefit. Chemotherapy has failed to improve survival because of poor blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Dordaviprone (ONC201), a dopamine receptor D type 2 (DRD2/3) antagonist and caseinolytic protease proteolytic (ClpP) agonist that crosses the BBB, has shown promising and durable activity in H3K27M-mutant DMG and was granted Food and Drug Administration accelerated approval in 2025. Methods: A structured narrative search of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2015 to 2025, with emphasis on studies published in the past 5 years. Search terms included ONC201, dordaviprone, H3K27M, H3 K27-altered DMG, ClpP, DRD2 antagonism, integrated stress response, and DMG clinical trials. Reference lists of key articles were also screened to identify additional sources. Results: Dordaviprone acts through dual mechanisms involving ClpP activation and DRD2 antagonism, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and tumor cell death. It has demonstrated selective efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies, with manageable side effects such as fatigue, nausea, and headache. The drug is administered orally once weekly and is well tolerated. Conclusion: Dordaviprone offers a new targeted systemic therapy for DMG with proven safety, good tolerability, and meaningful clinical benefit.

Background : Complex wounds present significant reconstructive challenges owing to impaired healing, infections, and tissue loss. Skin grafting remains a widely used reconstructive technique; however, outcome data from the Gulf region are limited to a few studies. This study aimed to evaluate early graft outcomes and complications following skin graft reconstruction for complex wounds at a tertiary hospital. Methods: A retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), including all patients who underwent split-thickness or full-thickness skin grafting between 2023 and 2025. Demographic, clinical, surgical, and wound-related data were collected. The main outcomes were graft take on postoperative days 5–7, time to complete re-epithelialization, and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Results: A total of 50 patients were included; 72% were males, with a median age of 45.5 years. Diabetes mellitus was present in 34% of patients. Trauma (28%) and infection/necrotizing causes (22%) were the most common etiologies of wounds. Complete graft take (>90%) was achieved in 90% of the patients, whereas 10% had partial graft take. The median time to complete re-epithelialization was 13 days. Complications were infrequent and minor, including postoperative infection (8%), hypertrophic scar formation (6%), and wound dehiscence (2%). No significant differences in healing time were observed between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusions: In this descriptive institutional cohort, a combined protocol of wound-bed preparation, skin graft reconstruction, and postoperative NPWT-assisted stabilization was associated with favorable early graft take and fewer complications. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because of wound heterogeneity, unavailable wound size measurements, and limited subgroup sizes. Larger prospective studies are needed to evaluate the predictors of graft success.