Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that is used as a sweetener for diabetics and also for other purposes (e.g., in chewing gum). Industrially, xylitol is manufactured through a chemical process that has some disadvantages, including a high energy requirement, extensive purification steps, and a high cost of product. The microbial production of xylitol has been examined as an alternative to the chemical process, which on an industrial scale is time-consuming mainly due to sterilization and inoculum development. The enzymatic production of xylitol from lignocellulosics is an attractive and promising alternative to the chemical process, potentially eliminating the major disadvantages of conventional processes. This article reviews the literature on xylitol production processes and identifies ways to further improve xylitol synthesis to compete with the current chemical process.

Saponin has various types; it can be bond with glycosides that form soapy lathers when mixed and agitated with water, and have been used to treat diabetes; liver, hepatitis, cardiovascular as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and physical stress. In this study describe of saponins compound in Binahong, one of medicinal plant investigated from these plant probably contribute to the effectiveness the above plant for treatment several diseases. The sample were dried by oven (60 o C) to be powder and extracted with solvents. After that used qualitative and quantitative test. The result of Binahong plant contains saponins compound on all a part of the Binahong plant, are positive indicate of presence of saponins triterpenoid and steroid. . Moreover crude of saponins substances from Leaves (28.14±0.22), Stems (3.65±011) and Tubers (43.15±0.10) of mg/g. The research showed of the Binahong plant, importance of the distribution of determination of saponins compound from plant, has a potential to treatment for several diseases