Background: Infertility is a highly meaningful issue with potentially life-changing consequences, and its incidence has been growing worldwide. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has made giant strides in terms of treating many infertility conditions, despite the risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a potentially life-threatening complication. Methods: This narrative review draws upon scientific articles found in the PubMed database. The search spanned the 1990–2024 period. Search strings used included “OHSS” or “ovarian hyperstimulation” and “IVF” and “GnRH” and “hCG”; 1098 results were retrieved and were ultimately narrowed down to 111 suitable sources, i.e., relevant articles dealing with the condition’s underlying dynamics, management pathways, and evidence-based criteria and guidelines, crucial both from a clinical perspective and from the standpoint of medicolegal tenability. Results: The following features constitute OHSS risk factors: young age, low body weight, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), among others. GnRH antagonist can substantially lower the risk of severe OHSS, compared to the long protocol with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. However, a mild or moderate form of OHSS is also possible if the antagonist protocol is used, especially when hCG is used for the final maturation of oocytes. For women at risk of OHSS, GnRH agonist trigger and the freeze-all strategy is advisable. OHSS is one of the most frequent complications, with a 30% rate in IVF cycles. Conclusion: Providing effective care for OHSS patients begins with early diagnosis, while also evaluating for comorbidities and complications. In addition to that, we should pay more attention to the psychological component of this complication and of infertility as a whole. Compliance with guidelines and evidence-based best practices is essential for medicolegal tenability.

Introduction/Objective. Self-medication (SM) and self-initiated treatment of others (STO) with antibiotics contribute to antimicrobial resistance and represent a significant public health concern. This study aimed to assess their prevalence and association with socio-demographic factors within primary healthcare setting of Niksic, Montenegro. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 356 adults who visited a general practitioner or family medicine specialist at the Primary Healthcare Center Niksic between 1 March and 31 May 2024. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 25. Associations were assessed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, with Spearman’s correlation for strength of relationships. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with SM and STO. Results. The prevalence of SM was 43%, while 16.6% of respondents reported STO. A significant positive association was found between these practices (p < 0.001). SM was more common among individuals aged 35-49, employed, and with higher education, while STO was more frequent among those living in family or community settings. In univariate analysis, age 50-64, higher education, and employment were associated with SM, while being retired was associated with STO, however, no variables remained significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion. SM and STO are common and significantly associated behaviors in the studied population in Niksic, and may represent important public health challenges, including development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, adverse health outcomes, and unnecessary costs. The absence of independent socio-demographic factors associated with these behaviors indicates a complex, multifactorial underlying structure, warranting further investigation.