Advanced drug delivery system has now gained preference over the conventional drug delivery system. One such research is nanoemulsion which is famous among the researchers because of ease of formation, stability, clarity, increased absorption rate leading to increasing in bioavailability and potential to form a formulation with both lipophilic as well as the hydrophilic drug. Long lasting stability (up to years) and ability to encapsulate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drug has given this colloidal system a valuable position in drug delivery. This article contains information on components required for its fabrication, preparation methods and evaluation parameters along with its application in drug delivery and future aspects of this advanced drug delivery system.

The term cosmeceutical is derived from a combination of ‘cosmetic’ and ‘pharmaceutical’, and indicates that active ingredients are present in a specific cosmetic product. These cosmeceuticals or co...

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the presence of momentum profit in the Indian stock market and seeks to explore the sources of momentum profit employing both risk based and behavioral models. R2, idiosyncratic volatility, and delay measures are employed in order to test behavioral models. Design/methodology/approach – The paper follows Jegadeesh and Timan's methodology in constructing momentum portfolios. Findings – The study finds strong presence of momentum profits in India during 1995-2006. The risk based models such as CAPM and Fama-French fail to account for the phenomenon. Idiosyncratic risk exhibits a positive relation with momentum, lending support to behavioural factors as source of momentum phenomenon. Practical implications – In forming portfolios, selecting the stocks which have been winners in the last three and six months can help investors and fund mangers earn substantial profit. Originality/value – The study employs behavioral variables to explain the momentum phenomenon. In the Indian context it is an unexplored area.

Apigenin, a natural flavonoid prevalent in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs, has attracted significant interest due to its wide range of pharmacological effects and therapeutic potential. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of apigenin from both preclinical and clinical perspectives, emphasizing its diverse roles in health management and disease treatment. Preclinical research highlights apigenin's effectiveness across numerous biological processes, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial properties. The compound exerts its effects through the modulation of various signaling pathways, enzyme activities, gene expression, and cellular mechanisms. Apigenin's capacity to inhibit tumor growth, induce apoptosis, and suppress angiogenesis and metastasis points to its significant anti-cancer potential. Additionally, emerging clinical studies are beginning to affirm apigenin's therapeutic benefits, showing positive effects in treating cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Clinical trials have evaluated apigenin's safety, bioavailability, and efficacy, shedding light on its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The review also addresses the challenges and opportunities within apigenin research, such as its limited bioavailability, potential drug interactions, and the need for standardized formulations. It discusses strategies to improve apigenin's bioavailability, including nanoformulations and combination therapies. In summary, this comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on apigenin, focusing on its extensive pharmacological activities and therapeutic promise. Future research and clinical trials are necessary to better understand apigenin’s mechanisms of action, refine therapeutic dosing, and confirm its efficacy across various diseases, ultimately facilitating its application in clinical settings.

A natural product is a compound or substance originating from a living organism and found in nature. Daidzein belongs to the class of bioflavonoids, which are plant‐derived compounds with various biological activities. Predominantly exists in soybeans and several legumes in either glycoside or aglycone forms. Its primary chemical constituents include metabolites like equol and trihydroxy isoflavone, generated through the influence of intestinal bacteria. Daidzein has exhibited pharmacological impacts on different ailments, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, skin disorders, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Daidzein's mechanisms of action involve interactions with estrogen receptors, as well as its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, along with its ability to regulate apoptosis and the cell cycle. In efforts to enhance its solubility, stability, bioavailability, and targeting, daidzein has been innovatively formulated into novel dosage forms, including nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, and nanosuspensions. As a promising nutraceutical, daidzein presents multiple health benefits and holds potential for various clinical applications. Additional investigation is required to comprehend the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and assess its safety. The purpose of this review is to provide a short description of the therapeutic properties, chemical composition, traditional use, toxicology profile, new insights on the dosage form, and future prospects of daidzein.

Microglia is cells of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin that migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) to form resident macrophages inside the special brain microenvironment. Intact with both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, microglia is highly active cells. Continuous process extension and retraction allows microglia to scan the brain parenchyma for threats. They are also able to change their morphology from ramified to amoeboid, which is a sign of cell activity. In response to pleiotropic stimuli such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and plasma proteins, microglia express a diverse range of receptors. As controllers of synaptic activities and phagocytosis of developing neurons, they serve a critical role in the healthy brain and have significant effects on synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis. A frequent cause of hypoparathyroidism is a mutation in the gene glial cells missing-2 (GCM2). Neonatal hypoparathyroidism has an amorphic recessive GCM2 mutation, while autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism has a dominant-negative GCM2 mutation. Curiously, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism has been associated with activating GCM2 mutation. In addition to seizures, neurocognitive impairment, carpopedal spasm, tingling and numbness are common clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism. Biogenic amines are a group of four neurotransmitters that belong to that category and these include serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Numerous antidepressants prevent the reuptake from occurring the brain-gut axis is hardwired through the CNS, enteric nervous system (ENS), neuroendocrine linkages and highly innervated nerve plexuses.