In view of the environmental challenges the world is currently facing, the objective of this research was to examine the short- and long-term effect of renewable energies on CO2 emissions. In addition, to deepen the analysis, the Environmental Kuznet Curve (EKC) hypothesis, and the effects of urban population density and trade openness on CO2 emissions in 30 high-income countries in the period 2000-2020 were evaluated. A cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lags model (CS-ARDL) and the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) model were estimated for robustness checks. The findings reveal that renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions in both the short and long term. Furthermore, there is strong evidence to support the EKC hypothesis. Finally, openness to trade was found to increase CO2 emissions, while the relationship between urban density and CO2 emissions is statistically non-significant. This information is expected to be crucial for the generation of public policies framed in sustainable development.

Energy poverty represents a critical challenge in Latin America today, given the social disparities the region faces. In this context, this study focuses on exploring the effects of remittances on the energy poverty of 13 Latin American countries during the period 2000–2020. Panel estimations with fixed and random effects, along with the generalized method of moments, are employed to address potential endogeneity issues. The results suggest that remittances play a significant role in mitigating energy poverty in the Latin American region, particularly in rural areas. Furthermore, it is observed that economic growth and financial development act as mediators, allowing remittances to indirectly contribute to mitigating energy poverty. Although inequality was examined as a potential mediator, the findings suggest that it does not play a significant role in this context. It is concluded that remittances are an appropriate mechanism to improve the quality of life of the population, and their impact is strengthened in a more robust economic environment.

The literature has mainly focused on analyzing the relationship of remittances with economic growth and social welfare, neglecting more complex aspects where remittances can have relevant implications. To contribute to the literature, the objective of this research is to examine the dynamic relationship between remittances, capital formation, structural transformation and economic growth in 15 Latin American countries during the period 1996–2019. To meet the objective, a panel vector autoregressive regression (PVAR) model was estimated, focusing on the analysis of the impulse-response function and variance decomposition. The results show a positive effect of remittances on economic growth and capital formation and a negative effect of remittances on structural transformation for initial periods and positive for later periods, framing a non-linear relationship. In addition, it was determined that structural transformation does not have a significant impact on economic growth. Finally, it was found that capital formation has a partial positive effect on economic growth. It is concluded that public policies should generate support mechanisms for the efficient channeling of these resources so that they become engines of growth.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the main engines of development for economies, however in Ecuador it’s income flows have been low, making it uncompetitive, these fluctuations have coincided with the application of the foreign currency outflow tax , evidencing that the application of taxes is a determinant of FDI, under these premises it seeks to determine the influence and threshold relationships between tax and FDI in Ecuador during 2008-2021, through a bibliographic review related theories were raised and data treatment was carried out to stabilize the series, an econometric OLS regression model was proposed, which demonstrated the inverse relationship between the variables, indicating that for every 1% increase in the tax, the FDI will decrease by 0, 33%. Starting from the relationship between variables, the Chow test was applied to determine structural changes in the FDI series, this was located in the fourth quarter of 2015, the threshold value of the relationship of the variables was found, using the threshold regression methodology. With dummy variables, the result corresponds to a collection level of $248 million, which belongs to a rate of 5% tax, indicating that at rate values ​​greater than 5% and collections of $248 million, FDI slows down and begins to show a decreasing trend.

The present investigation focuses on the tributaries of the Guargualla river that supplies the irrigation system that bears the same name, it is located in the Licto parish, canton Riobamba, province of Chimborazo, being the only source of water supply for irrigation, It made necessary an economic and environmental assessment, with the purpose of implementing a system of protection and care of the tributaries. This will contribute to maintaining the quantity and quality of the water resource to promote the agricultural production of its 1926 users made up of four parishes and 22 communal irrigation committees. The work is based on a diagnosis and evaluation of the water environmental service of the place, including two important aspects, the supply and demand of water, to then determine the value of catchment and restoration, tools that will allow to identify the benefits that the valuation of water causes. We used the contingent valuation method that is used to estimate the value of goods and services that do not exist in the market, it is a simple and intuitive understanding, which is to assume a market by conducting surveys to potential consumers. The study established that 82% of users are aware of the decrease in water resources, so 91% are willing to contribute with an additional payment for the conservation of the páramos. The value of 0.31 cents was established to finance the conservation of the sources of the irrigation system of the Guargualla Board.