Historically, humans have been infected by mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue fever and malaria fever. There is an urgent need for comprehensive methods in the prevention, control, and awareness of the hazards posed by dengue and malaria fever to public health. We propose a new mathematical model for dengue and malaria co-infection with the aim of comprehending disease dynamics better and developing more efficient control strategies in light of the threat posed to public health by co-infection. The proposed mathematical model comprises four time-dependent vector population classes ($\mathcal{S}\mathcal{E}{\mathcal{I}}_d{\mathcal{I}}_m$) and seven host population classes ($\mathbb{S}\mathbb{E}{\mathbb{I}}_d{\mathbb{I}}_m{\mathbb{I}}_{dm}\mathbb{T}\mathbb{R}$). First, we show that the proposed model is well defined by proving that it is bounded and positive in a feasible region. We further identify the equilibrium states of the model, including disease-free and endemic equilibrium points, where we perform stability analysis at equilibrium points. Then, we determine the reproduction number $R_0$ to measure the level of disease containment. We perform a sensitivity analysis of the model’s parameters to identify the most critical ones for potential control strategies. We also prove that the proposed model is well posed. Finally, the article examines three distinct co-infection control measures, including spraying or killing vectors, taking precautions for one’s own safety, and reducing the infectious contact between the host and vector populations. The control analysis of the proposed model reveals that all control parameters are effective in disease control. However, self-precaution is the most effective and accessible method, and the reduction of the vector population through spraying is the second most effective strategy to implement. Disease eradication is attainable as the vector population decreases. The effectiveness of the implemented strategies is also illustrated with the help of graphs.

Dengue and malaria fever infections are mosquito-borne diseases that pose significant threats to human health. There is an urgent need for effective strategies to prevent, control, and raise awareness about the public health risks of dengue and malaria. In this manuscript, we analyze a mathematical model that addresses the dynamics of dengue–malaria co-infection and propose optimal control strategies across four different scenarios to limit the spread of the disease. The results indicate that non-pharmaceutical interventions are the most effective and feasible standalone strategy, yielding significant reductions in disease transmission. Additionally, vector population control through spraying is identified as the second most significant method, with a proportional decrease in disease prevalence corresponding to the reduction in the mosquito population. While pharmaceutical treatments alone do not fully eradicate the disease, they do contribute to its containment. Notably, the combination of vector control and non-pharmaceutical strategies proved to be the most effective approach, ensuring rapid disease eradication. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated interventions in managing co-infection dynamics and highlight the vital role of prevention-oriented strategies.