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Prof. Erfu Dai
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

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0 Climate Change
0 Physical Geography
0 ecosystem service
0 Ecological Benefits
0 land use / cover change

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land use / cover change
Climate Change
ecosystem service

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Journal article
Published: 14 August 2021 in CATENA
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Spatial heterogeneity, which is one of the basic characteristics of ecological and geographical elements, is substantial in mountainous areas. Research on ecosystem services (ESs) increasingly considers spatial heterogeneity in environmental management-related decision-making. This study quantified the dominant ESs and ES trade-offs for the Hengduan Mountain region in Southwest China. The spatial heterogeneity was analyzed by introducing gradients of elevation, vegetation cover, and land cover. The results showed that, in addition to inverse changes in ESs, ES change rates were important for ES trade-offs. Further, land cover was identified as the main factor influencing the spatial heterogeneity of the majority of ES trade-offs. Specifically, the net primary productivity (NPP), carbon storage (C), and habitat quality (HQ) all showed inverted U-shaped trends along the elevation gradient and HQ increased thereafter, water yield (WY) presented an overall decline but increased in high-altitude areas, and soil conservation (SC) exhibited a fluctuating trend. The change rate of SC was slower than that of NPP, C, and HQ, which led to changes in the trade-offs between SC and other ESs along the elevation gradient. The higher WY in built-up land and higher HQ in forests were the main reasons for higher trade-offs. The low trade-off for unused land was attributed to the limited levels of several ESs. Along the vegetation gradient, WY first decreased then increased, whereas all other services showed increasing trends. The limited promotion effect of vegetation on SC was the primary reason for increased trade-offs. Therefore, more attention should be devoted to improving SC via engineering measures. Furthermore, vegetation degradation on unused land should be prevented to maintain SC and reduce the trade-offs among ESs.

ACS Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai; Quansheng Ge; Xianzhou Zhang; Chengqun Yu. Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their trade-offs in the Hengduan Mountain region, Southwest China. CATENA 2021, 207, 105632 .

AMA Style

Yahui Wang, Erfu Dai, Quansheng Ge, Xianzhou Zhang, Chengqun Yu. Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their trade-offs in the Hengduan Mountain region, Southwest China. CATENA. 2021; 207 ():105632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai; Quansheng Ge; Xianzhou Zhang; Chengqun Yu. 2021. "Spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their trade-offs in the Hengduan Mountain region, Southwest China." CATENA 207, no. : 105632.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2021 in CATENA
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Soil erosion, which is the prominent ecological and environmental problem in the karst regions of southwestern China, has seriously affected the regionecological conservation and economic development. Quantifying rainfall erosivity and runoff erosivity, can be a means to identify the dominant environmental factors involved in these mechanisms and provide a theoretical basis for mitigating soil and water loss. This aids determination of the measures required to control rocky desertification and promote the ecological restoration of karst areas. Accordingly, this study simulated the rainfall erosivity in the Sancha River Basin (SRB) between 1985 and 2014 using an adopted daily rainfall model according to the karst erosive rainfall standard. Based on the degree of rocky desertification in the karst areas, correction coefficients were applied to improve runoff erosivity calculation and estimate the runoff erosivity of the basin between 1993 and 2014. In addition, the dominant and interactive factors affecting rainfall/runoff erosivity of the diverse geomorphological types in the SRB were quantitatively identified using the geographical detector. Results showed that the rainfall erosivity between 1985 and 2014 averaged 6913.73 MJ·mm·ha−1·h−1, with an average runoff erosivity of 1121.37 m4·km−2·s−1 between 1993 and 2014. Precipitation and elevation were found to be the dominant factors shaping the spatial distributions of rainfall/runoff erosivity in the SRB. Precipitation explained over 90% of the spatial distribution in rainfall erosivity, and the q value of precipitation for runoff erosivity had no direct relationship with time. Furthermore, the interactions of elevation and precipitation, elevation and lithology type had prominent effects on rainfall erosivity and runoff erosivity in the SRB, respectively. Among them, the compound effects of elevation and precipitation could explain more than 80% of rainfall erosivity. These findings should be essential for managing soil and water loss in the karst areas.

ACS Style

Yuan Jiang; Jiangbo Gao; Lin Yang; Shaohong Wu; Erfu Dai. The interactive effects of elevation, precipitation and lithology on karst rainfall and runoff erosivity. CATENA 2021, 207, 105588 .

AMA Style

Yuan Jiang, Jiangbo Gao, Lin Yang, Shaohong Wu, Erfu Dai. The interactive effects of elevation, precipitation and lithology on karst rainfall and runoff erosivity. CATENA. 2021; 207 ():105588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuan Jiang; Jiangbo Gao; Lin Yang; Shaohong Wu; Erfu Dai. 2021. "The interactive effects of elevation, precipitation and lithology on karst rainfall and runoff erosivity." CATENA 207, no. : 105588.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Land
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In the last few decades, land use/land cover (LULC) has changed significantly under the influence of local planning and policy implementation, and this has had a profound impact on the regional ecological environment. By taking the Hengduan Mountain region as the study area, this study considered the demands of various commodities and services and applied the CLUMondo model to predict the trajectory of change in the land system for the years 2010–2030. The results indicate that the forest system expands significantly in this time, while the grassland and cropland systems are projected to develop intensively under the three scenarios. The high demand for livestock products is the main cause of the intensification of the grassland system under the TREND scenario, the demand for forests leads to the expansion of the forest land system under the FOREST scenario, and the significant intensification of the cropland system under the CONSERVATION scenario is closely related to an increase in the area of ecological land. The results of this study can provide a scientific reference for the optimal management of land systems in other mountainous areas.

ACS Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Guopan Xie; Baolei Zhang. Effects of Land-Use Intensity and Land Management Policies on Evolution of Regional Land System: A Case Study in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Land 2021, 10, 528 .

AMA Style

Le Yin, Erfu Dai, Guopan Xie, Baolei Zhang. Effects of Land-Use Intensity and Land Management Policies on Evolution of Regional Land System: A Case Study in the Hengduan Mountain Region. Land. 2021; 10 (5):528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Guopan Xie; Baolei Zhang. 2021. "Effects of Land-Use Intensity and Land Management Policies on Evolution of Regional Land System: A Case Study in the Hengduan Mountain Region." Land 10, no. 5: 528.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Land
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The Mun River Basin is one of Thailand’s major grain-producing areas, but the production is insufficient, and most of the cultivated lands are rain-fed and always unused in the dry season. All this makes it necessary to determine the status of soil nutrients and soil quality in the dry season to improve soil conditions, which will be useful for cultivation in the farming period. The aim of this study was to construct a soil-quality assessment based on soil samples, and in the process the minimum data set theory was introduced to screen the assessment indicators. The geographically weighted regression method was used to complete the spatial interpolation process of indicators, and the fuzzy logic model was constructed to evaluate the soil quality. The results showed that the spatial distributions of soil quality and indicators were similar. The soil quality was the best in the upstream while poor in the downstream, and the dry fields in the west and the forests in the east of the basin were better than other areas nearby. However; the soil qualities of paddy fields in the middle and east of the basin were poor due to the lack of soil nutrient supply when the fields were unused.

ACS Style

Chunsheng Wu; Erfu Dai; Zhonghe Zhao; Youxiao Wang; Gaohuan Liu. Soil-Quality Assessment During the Dry Season in the Mun River Basin Thailand. Land 2021, 10, 61 .

AMA Style

Chunsheng Wu, Erfu Dai, Zhonghe Zhao, Youxiao Wang, Gaohuan Liu. Soil-Quality Assessment During the Dry Season in the Mun River Basin Thailand. Land. 2021; 10 (1):61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chunsheng Wu; Erfu Dai; Zhonghe Zhao; Youxiao Wang; Gaohuan Liu. 2021. "Soil-Quality Assessment During the Dry Season in the Mun River Basin Thailand." Land 10, no. 1: 61.

Conference paper
Published: 10 December 2020 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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Emergency material scheduling is an essential part of disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper builds up materials scheduling model based on system dynamics, real-simulation the process of emergency material scheduling in disaster prevention and mitigation, exploring the main factors that affect a city's emergency capacity. The result shows that: the higher the scheduling capacity of government emergency material, the city's emergency capacity can reach its peak level faster. This model can predict materials scheduling speed in real-time and provide the government's emergency administrative department with a theoretical foundation to formulate reasonable disaster prevention and mitigation plans.

ACS Style

Han Jin; Dai Er-Fu. System-dynamics-based the analysis for material scheduling capacity. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2020, 608, 012024 .

AMA Style

Han Jin, Dai Er-Fu. System-dynamics-based the analysis for material scheduling capacity. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2020; 608 (1):012024.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han Jin; Dai Er-Fu. 2020. "System-dynamics-based the analysis for material scheduling capacity." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 608, no. 1: 012024.

Article
Published: 01 October 2020 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Land change science has become an interdisciplinary research direction for understanding human-natural coupling systems. As a process-oriented modelling approach, agent based model (ABM) plays an important role in revealing the driving forces of land change and understanding the process of land change. This paper starts from three aspects: The theory, application and modeling framework of ABM. First, we summarize the theoretical basis of ABM and introduce some related concepts. Then we expound the application and development of ABM in both urban land systems and agricultural land systems, and further introduce the case study of a model on Grain for Green Program in Hengduan Mountainous region, China. On the basis of combing the ABM modeling protocol, we propose the land system ABM modeling framework and process from the perspective of agents. In terms of urban land use, ABM research initially focused on the study of urban expansion based on landscape, then expanded to issues like urban residential separation, planning and zoning, ecological functions, etc. In terms of agricultural land use, ABM application presents more diverse and individualized features. Research topics include farmers’ behavior, farmers’ decision-making, planting systems, agricultural policy, etc. Compared to traditional models, ABM is more complex and difficult to generalize beyond specific context since it relies on local knowledge and data. However, due to its unique bottom-up model structure, ABM has an indispensable role in exploring the driving forces of land change and also the impact of human behavior on the environment.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Liang Ma; Weishi Yang; Yahui Wang; Le Yin; Miao Tong. Agent-based model of land system: Theory, application and modelling framework. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 1555 -1570.

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Liang Ma, Weishi Yang, Yahui Wang, Le Yin, Miao Tong. Agent-based model of land system: Theory, application and modelling framework. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (10):1555-1570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Liang Ma; Weishi Yang; Yahui Wang; Le Yin; Miao Tong. 2020. "Agent-based model of land system: Theory, application and modelling framework." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 10: 1555-1570.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Sustainability
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Subtropical forests face pressure from both rapidly changing climate and increasing harvest activity in southern China. However, the interactive effects of various spatial processes on forests are not well known. The objective of the present study was to answer the question of how forest aboveground biomass (AGB) changes under alternative climate change and harvesting scenarios and to determine whether there will be a tipping point for forest AGB before 2300. Our simulation results show that, although total forest AGB did not reach a tipping point before 2300 under possible climate change and harvesting scenarios, the slope of the total forest AGB showed a decreasing trend around 2100 and 2200. Moderate climate warming was conducive to AGB accumulation, except for in the high emissions Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP8.5) scenario. Our results also indicate that timber harvesting is adaptable to the accumulation of biomass under climate change scenarios. Harvesting intensity was a key variable affecting forest AGB more than harvesting frequency. Our findings will help develop more sustainable forest management strategies that can adapt to potential climate change scenarios, as well as determining the effectiveness of implementing alternative forest harvesting policies.

ACS Style

Zhuo Wu; Erfu Dai; Wenchuan Guan. Modeling Subtropical Forest Changes under Climate Change and Close-to-Nature Silviculture: Is There a Tipping Point in an Uncertain Future in Southern China? Sustainability 2020, 12, 6992 .

AMA Style

Zhuo Wu, Erfu Dai, Wenchuan Guan. Modeling Subtropical Forest Changes under Climate Change and Close-to-Nature Silviculture: Is There a Tipping Point in an Uncertain Future in Southern China? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6992.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo Wu; Erfu Dai; Wenchuan Guan. 2020. "Modeling Subtropical Forest Changes under Climate Change and Close-to-Nature Silviculture: Is There a Tipping Point in an Uncertain Future in Southern China?" Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6992.

Article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Mapping the human footprint (HF) makes it possible to quantify human influence, which has had an unprecedented impact on the global ecosystem. Using five categories of human pressure data, this study mapped the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region and assessed the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts. The results showed that the HF of the Hengduan Mountain region was generally higher in the south and lower in the north. The HF increased by 11.24% over the past 25 years, with faster growth in the southeast. The HF growth rate in nature reserves was much lower than that across the region, which indicated that nature reserves played an important role in reducing the impact of human pressure. A study of Baimaxueshan nature reserve found that establishing nature reserves could effectively reduce the impact of human activities, and no “leakage” occurred. Population growth was an important reason for the increased HF in nature reserves. The development of ecotourism in nature reserves must be based on ecological protection. Strengthening the long-term monitoring, evaluation, and management of nature reserves is a basic requirement for their long-term development.

ACS Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Du Zheng; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. Spatio-temporal analysis of the human footprint in the Hengduan Mountain region: Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 1140 -1154.

AMA Style

Le Yin, Erfu Dai, Du Zheng, Yahui Wang, Liang Ma, Miao Tong. Spatio-temporal analysis of the human footprint in the Hengduan Mountain region: Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (7):1140-1154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Du Zheng; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. 2020. "Spatio-temporal analysis of the human footprint in the Hengduan Mountain region: Assessing the effectiveness of nature reserves in reducing human impacts." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 7: 1140-1154.

Article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Ecosystem services, which include water yield services, have been incorporated into decision processes of regional land use planning and sustainable development. Spatial pattern characteristics and identification of factors that influence water yield are the basis for decision making. However, there are limited studies on the driving mechanisms that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. In this study, we used the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China, with obvious spatial heterogeneity, as the research site. The water yield module in the InVEST software was used to simulate the spatial distribution of water yield. Also, quantitative attribution analysis was conducted for various geomorphological and climatic zones in the Hengduan Mountain region by using the geographical detector method. Influencing factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation type, and land use type and pattern, were taken into consideration for this analysis. Four key findings were obtained. First, water yield spatial heterogeneity is influenced most by climate-related factors, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are the dominant factors. Second, the relative importance of each impact factor to the water yield heterogeneity differs significantly by geomorphological and climatic zones. In flat areas, the influence of evapotranspiration is higher than that of precipitation. As relief increases, the importance of precipitation increases and eventually, it becomes the most influential factor. Evapotranspiration is the most influential factor in a plateau climate zone, while in the mid-subtropical zone, precipitation is the main controlling factor. Third, land use type is also an important driving force in flat areas. Thus, more attention should be paid to urbanization and land use planning, which involves land use changes, to mitigate the impact on water yield spatial pattern. The fourth finding was that a risk detector showed that Primarosol and Anthropogenic soil areas, shrub areas, and areas with slope <5° and 25°–35° should be recognized as water yield important zones, while the corresponding elevation values are different among different geomorphological and climatic zones. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors in different zones should be fully considered while planning the maintenance and protection of water yield services in the Hengduan Mountain region.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Yahui Wang. Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 1005 -1020.

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Yahui Wang. Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (6):1005-1020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Yahui Wang. 2020. "Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 6: 1005-1020.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2020 in Sustainability
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In the Hengduan Mountain region, soil erosion is the most serious ecological environmental problem. Understanding the impact mechanism of water yield and soil erosion is essential to optimize ecosystem management and improve ecosystem services. This study used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) models to separate the relative contributions of land use and climate change to water yield and soil erosion. The results revealed that: (1) Although soil and water conservation has been strengthened in the past 25 years, both water yield and soil erosion increased from 2010 to 2015 due to the conversion of woodland to grassland, which indicates that continuous benefits after the implementation of ecological restoration projects were not obtained; (2) Climate change played a decisive role in water yield and soil erosion changes in the Hengduan Mountain region from 1990 to 2015, and soil erosion was not only related to the amount of precipitation but also closely related to precipitation intensity; (3) The contribution of land use and climate change to water yield was 26.94% and 73.06%, while for soil erosion, the contribution of land use and climate change was 16.23% and 83.77%, respectively.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Le Yin; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on the Key Ecosystem Services in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4100 .

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Le Yin, Yahui Wang, Liang Ma, Miao Tong. Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on the Key Ecosystem Services in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Le Yin; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. 2020. "Quantitative Assessment of the Relative Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on the Key Ecosystem Services in the Hengduan Mountain Region, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4100.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Mountain regions are usually regarded as important ecological functional areas that provide various ecosystem services to the people living in the mountains and surrounding areas. However, mountain regions are also fragile areas for both climate change and land use change. Over the past two decades, China’s mountain regions have experienced climate change and dramatic land use changes that have been driven by policy. It is unknown how mountainous ecosystem services change under the drive of these two factors, or what management strategies should be adopted. This study focuses on the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China as the study area. Based on the various simulated ecosystem services from 1990 to 2015, we identified the main influencing factors for the spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services, the trade-off relationship, and the ecosystem service bundles by the use of correlation and cluster analysis. The results showed that: (1) Water yield and soil erosion were mainly affected by precipitation, while habitat quality and carbon storage were more affected by land use changes. The implementation of ecological projects significantly enhanced the habitat quality and carbon storage. (2) Synergy relationship existed between habitat quality and some of regulating services, indicating that current institutional reforms of China’s management of protected areas aimed at protecting intact habitat quality will promote local regulating services. (3) Three bundles were determined on the county scale, and different management strategies should be taken. Agriculture, carbon, and water bundles should focus on cultivated land protection, grassland protection, and rational utilization of water resources, respectively. This study will enrich the research of mountain ecosystem services and provide important support for local ecosystem management.

ACS Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai. Spatial-temporal changes in ecosystem services and the trade-off relationship in mountain regions: A case study of Hengduan Mountain region in Southwest China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 264, 121573 .

AMA Style

Yahui Wang, Erfu Dai. Spatial-temporal changes in ecosystem services and the trade-off relationship in mountain regions: A case study of Hengduan Mountain region in Southwest China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 264 ():121573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai. 2020. "Spatial-temporal changes in ecosystem services and the trade-off relationship in mountain regions: A case study of Hengduan Mountain region in Southwest China." Journal of Cleaner Production 264, no. : 121573.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in Ecological Indicators
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Quantitatively identifying the relative contributions of climate change and human activity to net primary productivity (NPP) is critical for understanding vegetation dynamics and maintaining regional carbon balances. This study focuses on the driving mechanisms of NPP changes and proposes a research framework for evaluating the relative impacts of climate change and human activity. Based on the Thornthwaite Memorial and CASA models, this study first determined the relative contributions of climate change and human activity to actual net primary productivity (ANPP) changes in the Hengduan Mountain region, and then analyzed the response of ANPP to major climate factors at the pixel scale. We found that the contribution of human activities (66.11%) to ANPP change was about twice that of climate change (33.89%) in the Hengduan Mountain region. The ANPP in the north and south region was mainly affected by temperature and precipitation respectively, while although implementing ecological restoration projects had been important for improving vegetation conditions across the Hengduan Mountain region, several human activities, such as overgrazing, sloping cropland reclamation, and urban expansion, were the main reasons for ANPP’s decrease, especially in dry-hot valley areas. There was a significant gradient difference between in how climate change and human activities influence the ANPP, human activity impacted ANPP more in high relief areas along the horizontal gradient, while climate change impacts on ANPP first decreased then increased with rising elevation along the vertical gradient. This study provides a theoretical basis and methodological reference for quantitatively evaluating ecosystems.

ACS Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Du Zheng; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. What drives the vegetation dynamics in the Hengduan Mountain region, southwest China: Climate change or human activity? Ecological Indicators 2020, 112, 106013 .

AMA Style

Le Yin, Erfu Dai, Du Zheng, Yahui Wang, Liang Ma, Miao Tong. What drives the vegetation dynamics in the Hengduan Mountain region, southwest China: Climate change or human activity? Ecological Indicators. 2020; 112 ():106013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Yin; Erfu Dai; Du Zheng; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Miao Tong. 2020. "What drives the vegetation dynamics in the Hengduan Mountain region, southwest China: Climate change or human activity?" Ecological Indicators 112, no. : 106013.

Journal article
Published: 13 October 2018 in Ecosystem Services
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As one of the most important ecological functional area in China, the Hengduan Mountain region has experienced dramatic land use/land cover changes (LUCC) over the past 20 years, but the effects of these changes on ecosystem services remain unknown. We revised a proxy-based method to analyze LUCC and ecosystem service value (ESVs) dynamics over three decades, and evaluated the sensitivity of ESVs to LUCC by using an elasticity indicator. Forest land converted to grassland during 1990–2000 was due to deforestation, but a reverse trend was found in 2000–2010 as a result of the implementation of ecological projects. The ESVs of the entire region decreased slightly (0.01% per year) in 1990–2000, and sharply increased (0.14% per year) in 2000–2010. The elasticity reached 0.07 for 1990–2000 and 0.29 for 2000–2010, which were moderate levels for China. For the whole region, forest land is a key land use type and should be maintained. Along the elevation gradient, different developmental strategies should be adopted. Lower areas should focus on the coordinated development of economy and ecology, and higher areas on ecological protection. On the county level, it is necessary to adjust the forest-grassland proportion in each county.

ACS Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai; Le Yin; Liang Ma. Land use/land cover change and the effects on ecosystem services in the Hengduan Mountain region, China. Ecosystem Services 2018, 34, 55 -67.

AMA Style

Yahui Wang, Erfu Dai, Le Yin, Liang Ma. Land use/land cover change and the effects on ecosystem services in the Hengduan Mountain region, China. Ecosystem Services. 2018; 34 ():55-67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahui Wang; Erfu Dai; Le Yin; Liang Ma. 2018. "Land use/land cover change and the effects on ecosystem services in the Hengduan Mountain region, China." Ecosystem Services 34, no. : 55-67.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2018 in Sustainability
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This paper uses a comprehensive risk assessment method to investigate the population risk of debris flows in Southwest China. The methodology integrates models from hazard, vulnerability literature and some empirical equations. The main steps include debris-flow disaster-hazard zoning, estimation of the frequency of the disaster, factor identification of population vulnerability, and calculation of the fragility rate. The results demonstrate that the most hazardous regions in Southwest China are primarily observed in the mountains around the Sichuan Basin, the border area between Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, the eastern and southern regions of Yunnan Province, and the eastern area of Guizhou Province. The extremely high vulnerability zones are characterized by a fragility rate of 3.89 persons per 10,000 people. The comprehensive risk gradually increases from the southeast of the study area to the central region, reaching its highest value (more than 100 persons/year) on the Jiangyou–Zhaotong–Baoshan Line and decreasing thereafter to its lowest in the northwestern region. Extremely large-scale disasters are the major factor of casualties. Appropriate risk management and mitigation solutions should be comprehensively determined based on the combination of debris-hazard levels and fragility rates in the hazardous regions.

ACS Style

Guangxu Liu; Erfu Dai; Xinchuang Xu; Wenxiang Wu; Aicun Xiang. Quantitative Assessment of Regional Debris-Flow Risk: A Case Study in Southwest China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2223 .

AMA Style

Guangxu Liu, Erfu Dai, Xinchuang Xu, Wenxiang Wu, Aicun Xiang. Quantitative Assessment of Regional Debris-Flow Risk: A Case Study in Southwest China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (7):2223.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangxu Liu; Erfu Dai; Xinchuang Xu; Wenxiang Wu; Aicun Xiang. 2018. "Quantitative Assessment of Regional Debris-Flow Risk: A Case Study in Southwest China." Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2223.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2018 in Sustainability
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It is of great significance to explore landscape pattern changes around urban areas to maintain regional ecological security and encourage sustainable development. Few studies have focused on the small cities located in the mountain regions. In this study, we established an ‘urban-rural’ gradient, and combined with landscape metrics to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of the landscape pattern around cities located in the Hengduan Mountain region in China. We also explored the impacts of topography on urban sprawl using the ‘relief degree of land surface’ index. Our results showed that: (1) There was an inverse relationship between the urban sprawl and restricted topography; (2) From the city center to rural areas, the landscape dominance degree and connectivity decreased initially and then increased, while the diversity presented an opposite trend and the shape complexity increased first and then fluctuated; (3) For temporal changes, in the internal buffers, the landscape dominance degree and connectivity increased, and the shape complexity and diversity decreased. However, in the outer buffers, the landscape showed opposite trends. It is advisable to use gradient and landscape metrics to explore landscape pattern changes. Similar to cities on plains, the landscape around mountain cities exhibits a circular structure, however, it also possesses unique characteristics when facing topographic restrictions.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Le Yin; Zhuo Wu. ‘Urban-Rural’ Gradient Analysis of Landscape Changes around Cities in Mountainous Regions: A Case Study of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1019 .

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Yahui Wang, Liang Ma, Le Yin, Zhuo Wu. ‘Urban-Rural’ Gradient Analysis of Landscape Changes around Cities in Mountainous Regions: A Case Study of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (4):1019.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Yahui Wang; Liang Ma; Le Yin; Zhuo Wu. 2018. "‘Urban-Rural’ Gradient Analysis of Landscape Changes around Cities in Mountainous Regions: A Case Study of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwest China." Sustainability 10, no. 4: 1019.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Forests are under pressure from land use change due to anthropogenic activities. Land use change and harvest are the main disturbances of forest landscape changes. Few studies have focused on the relative contributions of different disturbances. In this study, we used the CA-Markov model, a land-use change model, coupled with a forest landscape model, LANDIS-II, to simulate dynamic change in Taihe County, China, from 2010 to 2050. Scenarios analysis was conducted to quantify the relative contributions of land use change and harvest. Our results show that forestland and arable land will remain the primary land-use types in 2050, whereas the built-up land will sprawl drastically. Land use change and harvest may result in the significant loss of forest area and changes in landscape structure. The simulated forest area will increase by 16.2% under the no disturbance scenario. However, under harvest, forest conversion, and integrated scenario, the area will be reduced by 5.2%, 16.5%, and 34.9%, respectively. The effect of harvest is gradually enhanced. The land use change will account for 60% and harvest will account for 40% of forest landscape change in 2050, respectively. Our results may benefit from the integration of regional forest management and land-use policy-making, and help to achieve a trade-off between economy and ecological environment.

ACS Style

Zhuo Wu; Quansheng Ge; Erfu Dai. Modeling the Relative Contributions of Land Use Change and Harvest to Forest Landscape Change in the Taihe County, China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 708 .

AMA Style

Zhuo Wu, Quansheng Ge, Erfu Dai. Modeling the Relative Contributions of Land Use Change and Harvest to Forest Landscape Change in the Taihe County, China. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo Wu; Quansheng Ge; Erfu Dai. 2017. "Modeling the Relative Contributions of Land Use Change and Harvest to Forest Landscape Change in the Taihe County, China." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 708.

Article
Published: 15 December 2016 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Global and regional environmental changes such as land use and climate change have significantly integrated and interactive effects on forest. These integrated effects will undoubtedly alter the distribution, function and succession processes of forest ecosystems. In order to adapt to these changes, it is necessary to understand their individual and integrated effects. In this study, we proposed a framework by using coupling models to gain a better understanding of the complex ecological processes. We combined an agent-based model for land use and land cover change (ABM/LUCC), an ecosystem process model (PnET-II), and a forest dynamic landscape model (LANDIS-II) to simulate the change of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) which was driven by land use and climate change factors for the period of 2010–2050 in Taihe County of southern China, where subtropical coniferous plantations dominate. We conducted a series of land use and climate change scenarios to compare the differences in forest AGB. The results show that: (1) land use, including town expansion, deforestation and forest conversion and climate change are likely to influence forest AGB in the near future in Taihe County. (2) Though climate change will make a good contribution to an increase in forest AGB, land use change can result in a rapid decrease in the forest AGB and play a vital role in the integrated simulation. The forest AGB under the integrated scenario decreased by 53.7% (RCP2.6 + land use), 57.2% (RCP4.5 + land use), and 56.9% (RCP8.5 + land use) by 2050, which is in comparison to the results under separate RCPs without land use disturbance. (3) The framework can offer a coupled method to better understand the complex and interactive ecological processes, which may provide some supports for adapting to land use and climate change, improving and optimizing plantation structure and function, and developing measures for sustainable forest management.

ACS Style

Zhuo Wu; Erfu Dai; Quansheng Ge; Weimin Xi; Xiaofan Wang. Modelling the integrated effects of land use and climate change scenarios on forest ecosystem aboveground biomass, a case study in Taihe County of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2016, 27, 205 -222.

AMA Style

Zhuo Wu, Erfu Dai, Quansheng Ge, Weimin Xi, Xiaofan Wang. Modelling the integrated effects of land use and climate change scenarios on forest ecosystem aboveground biomass, a case study in Taihe County of China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2016; 27 (2):205-222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo Wu; Erfu Dai; Quansheng Ge; Weimin Xi; Xiaofan Wang. 2016. "Modelling the integrated effects of land use and climate change scenarios on forest ecosystem aboveground biomass, a case study in Taihe County of China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 27, no. 2: 205-222.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2015 in Remote Sensing
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In this study, the updated Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset for growing season (April to October), which can better reflect the vegetation vigor, was used to investigate the interannual variations in NDVI and its relationship with climatic factors, in order to preliminarily understand the climate impact on vegetation and provide theoretical basis for the response of ecosystem to climate change. Multivariate linear regression models, including the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), were adopted to analyze the correlation between NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) together. Average growing-season NDVI significantly increased at a rate of 0.0015/year from 1982 to 2013, larger than several regions in China. On the whole, its relationship with temperature is positive and also stronger than precipitation, which indicated that temperature may be a limiting factor for the vegetation growth in the Karst region. Moreover, the correlation coefficients between grassland NDVI and climatic factors are the largest. Under the background of NDVI increasing trend from 1982 to 2013, the period of 2009–2012 was chosen to investigate the influencing factors of a sharp decline in NDVI. It can be found that the reduced temperature and solar radiation, caused by the increase in cloud cover and precipitation, may play important roles in the vegetation cover change. All in all, the systematic research on the interannual variations of growing-season NDVI and its relationship with climate revealed the heterogeneity and variability in the complicated climate change in the Karst ecosystem for the study area. It is the Karst characteristics that hinder obtaining more representative conclusions and tendencies in this region. Hence, more attention should be paid to promoting Karst research in the future.

ACS Style

Wenjuan Hou; Jiangbo Gao; Shaohong Wu; Erfu Dai. Interannual Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Correlation with Climate Variables in the Southwestern Karst Region of China. Remote Sensing 2015, 7, 11105 -11124.

AMA Style

Wenjuan Hou, Jiangbo Gao, Shaohong Wu, Erfu Dai. Interannual Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Correlation with Climate Variables in the Southwestern Karst Region of China. Remote Sensing. 2015; 7 (9):11105-11124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenjuan Hou; Jiangbo Gao; Shaohong Wu; Erfu Dai. 2015. "Interannual Variations in Growing-Season NDVI and Its Correlation with Climate Variables in the Southwestern Karst Region of China." Remote Sensing 7, no. 9: 11105-11124.

Article
Published: 06 December 2014 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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The Forest Landscape Model (FLM) is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem’s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main application fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM’s challenges and directions of development in the future, including: (1) more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management’s objectives; (2) construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; (3) adoption of high resolution’s spatial-temporal data; (4) structural construction of multi-version module; (5) improving the spatial suitability of model application.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Zhuo Wu; Xiaofan Wang; Hua Fu; Weimin Xi; Tao Pan. Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014, 25, 113 -128.

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Zhuo Wu, Xiaofan Wang, Hua Fu, Weimin Xi, Tao Pan. Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2014; 25 (1):113-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Zhuo Wu; Xiaofan Wang; Hua Fu; Weimin Xi; Tao Pan. 2014. "Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model." Journal of Geographical Sciences 25, no. 1: 113-128.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2014 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Soil carbon sequestration and potential has been a focal issue in global carbon research. Under the background of global change, the estimation of the size as well as its change of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is of great importance. Based on soil data from the second national soil survey and field survey during 2011–2012, by using the regression method between sampling soil data and remote sensing data, this paper aimed to investigate spatial distribution and changes of topsoil (0–20 cm) organic carbon storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980s and 2010s. The results showed that: (1) the SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia between the 1980s and 2010s was estimated to be 2.05 and 2.17 Pg C, with an average density of 3.48 and 3.69 kg C·m−2, respectively. The SOC storage was mainly distributed in the typical steppe and meadow steppe, which accounted for over 98% of the total SOC storage. The spatial distribution showed a decreased trend from the meadow steppe, typical steppe to the desert steppe, corresponding to the temperature and precipitation gradient. (2) SOC changes during 1982–2012 were estimated to be 0.12 Pg C, at 7.00 g C·m−2·yr−1, which didn’t show a significant change, indicating that SOC storage in grasslands of Inner Mongolia remained relatively stable over this period. However, topsoil organic carbon showed different trends of carbon source/sink during the past three decades. Meadow steppe and typical steppe had sequestered 0.15 and 0.03 Pg C, respectively, served as a carbon sink; while desert steppe lost 0.06 Pg C, served as a carbon source. It appears that SOC storage in grassland ecosystem may respond differently to climate change, related to vegetation type, regional climate type and grazing intensity. These results might give advice to decision makers on adopting suitable countermeasures for sustainable grassland utilization and protection.

ACS Style

Erfu Dai; Ruixue Zhai; Quansheng Ge; Xiuqin Wu. Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2014, 24, 1035 -1046.

AMA Style

Erfu Dai, Ruixue Zhai, Quansheng Ge, Xiuqin Wu. Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2014; 24 (6):1035-1046.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erfu Dai; Ruixue Zhai; Quansheng Ge; Xiuqin Wu. 2014. "Detecting the storage and change on topsoil organic carbon in grasslands of Inner Mongolia from 1980s to 2010s." Journal of Geographical Sciences 24, no. 6: 1035-1046.