Excessive particle concentrations during heating periods, which greatly affect people’s physical and mental health and their normal lives, continue to be a concern. It is more practical to understand and analyze the relationship between the fractal dimension and particle size concentration distribution of atmospheric particulate matter before and after adjusting heating energy consumption types. The data discussed and analyzed in this paper were collected by monitoring stations and measured from 2016 to 2018 in Xi’an. The data include fractal dimension and particle size concentration changes in the atmospheric particulate matter before and after adjusting the heating energy consumption types. The results indicate that adjusting the heating energy consumption types has a significant impact on particulate matter. The average concentration of PM_2.5 decreased by 26.4 μg/m³. The average concentration of PM₁₀ decreased by 31.8 μg/m³. At the same time, the different particle sizes showed a downward trend. The particles ranging from 0.265 to 0.475 μm demonstrated the maximum decrease, which was 8.80%. The heating period in Xi’an mainly involves particles ranging from 0 to 0.475 μm. The fractal dimensions of the atmospheric particulate matter before and after adjusting the heating energy consumption types were 4.809 and 3.397, respectively. After adjusting the heating energy consumption types, the fractal dimension decreased by 1.412. At that time, the proportions of particle sizes that were less than 1.0 μm, 2.0 μm, and 2.5 μm decreased by 1.467%, 0.604%, and 0.424%, respectively. This paper provides new methods and a reference value for the distribution and effective control of atmospheric particulate matter by adjusting heating energy consumption types.

How to effectively improve the filtration characteristics of polyester fiber filtration materials in public buildings is particularly important for ensuring the health of indoor environments. This study uses the impregnation method to prepare composite materials by using the characteristics of graphene and its derivatives and, on this basis, enhances the filtration characteristics of the composite materials by applying an external voltage. The structure and particle filtration performance of the composite materials are tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the filtration efficiency of the prepared composite filter material is significantly improved compared to polyester fiber materials. When the applied voltage is 4 V, the new composite filter material has the highest weight filtration efficiency for particulate matter, with filtration efficiencies of 71.3%, 45.3%, and 35.7% for PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0, respectively. The filtration efficiency is highest when the power on time is 80 s. At this time, the filtration efficiency of the filter material for PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and PM_1.0 is 70.6%, 43.8%, and 35.3%, respectively. The new composite filter material has a significant lifting effect on particles with a diameter of 0–2.5 μm. It provides reference value for research and the application of new filtering materials.