The design of bottom-overhead (or lift-up) buildings is advantageous in improving the thermal environment of high-density cities and enhancing the comfort level of occupants’ activity space on the ground floor. This study aims to investigate the impact of multiple architectural design variables on the ground floor overhead area of slab-like and tower high-rise residential buildings from the perspective of pedestrian-level thermal comfort with ENVI-met simulations and Standard Effective Temperature (SET*) evaluation. The design variables of the 25 tested models include the number of continuously arranged buildings, aspect ratio, overhead form, overhead space height, positions of overhead space enclosures, and openness degree, derived from existing overhead buildings in Chongqing. The results demonstrate that when the number of continuously arranged buildings and the aspect ratio increase, the overhead area has a more comfortable environmental state, while the overhead height is negatively correlated. In addition, when the enclosures are on opposite sides and their openness degree is 0.75–0.5, the area tends to be more comfortable. For slab-like buildings, the thermal comfort of the partial-overhead form is the worst while the semi-overhead form is relatively better. However, the overhead form has no significant impact on the thermal comfort of tower buildings. These findings can provide some suggestions and inspiration for the design of overhead buildings to create a more sustainable and livable microenvironment.

Objectively assessing the impact of various basic public service facilities on social–spatial differentiation has become a prerequisite for promoting urban social integration and development. However, in practice, the configuration of basic public service facilities is not always conducive to social integration, especially at the microscale. Effectively measuring the inhibitory or aggravating effects of various basic public service facility configurations on social–spatial differentiation has become a challenge. Based on the assumption that the configuration of basic public service facilities has inhibitory and aggravating effects on social–spatial differentiation, this study selected two types of objects: social space and basic public service facilities to refine the research elements. Using spatial and statistical analysis methods such as ecological factors, clustering, correlation, mediation, and superposition analysis, a framework was constructed to evaluate the impact of basic public service facility configuration on social–spatial differentiation and take the Zhaomushan area in Chongqing, China, as a typical case for verification. The study found that registered residence, income, employment location, and residential density are still the main factors of social–spatial differentiation in the study area. The main factors contributing to the differentiation of basic public service facilities are elderly care and housing security, public transportation and green space access, education and employment security, and small-scale medical and health facilities in the study area. In the eight principal factor pairs after the superposition of two differentiation spaces, six pairs showed weakened spatial differentiation, while two pairs showed intensified spatial differentiation. This indicates that the allocation of basic public service facilities will simultaneously inhibit and exacerbate social–spatial differentiation, but the inhibitory effect is significantly stronger than the exacerbating effect. Among them, public transportation and green parks are the main types of facilities that mainly exacerbate social–spatial differentiation. This dual effect is specifically reflected in the change in the spatial adaptation position of social space and basic public services, the weakening of the original social space differentiation boundary and the emergence of new differentiation boundaries simultaneously, and the multicenter composite form of social space. In the future, quantitative evaluation based on research frameworks can provide scientific basis for constructing spatial adaptability strategies for the supply of basic public service facilities and social production and life, such as adjusting the distribution, scale, and spatiotemporal relationship between basic public service facilities and residential communities in a reasonable manner. This is crucial for promoting social integration.