The health risks associated with formaldehyde have propelled relevant stakeholders to push for the production of non-toxic wood adhesives. Several countries including the USA, Japan, and Germany have implemented policies mandating manufacturers to reduce the emissions of formaldehyde to lower levels. Protein adhesives stand out due to their sustainability, renewable sources, and biodegradability. However, they are limited by poor wet strength and water resistance, which affect their wide acceptability in the marketplace. Researchers have developed multiple strategies to mitigate these issues to advance protein adhesives so they may compete more favorably with their petroleum-based counterparts. This review paper explores these strategies including cross-linking, modified fillers, and the removal of hydrophilic content while providing insights into the methodological approaches utilized in recent literature with a comparison of the resultant protein adhesives.

An alternative battery system to the lithium-ion battery has become paramount due to its high cost and limited distribution across the earth's surface. One of the significant challenges encountered by Na⁺ batteries is the development of efficient anode material. ZIFs have been considered as one of the potential electrode materials for Na⁺ batteries. ZIF is a sub-family of the metal–organic framework. Aside from the fact that they are utilised for sodium-ion batteries, their exceptional thermal stabilitiy, porous structure, and robust functionalities make them suitable for various applications. In this review, the working principles of Na⁺ battery, the synthesis procedure of ZIF carbon materials, electrochemical performances of each material or composite, performance enhancement strategy and morphology were explored and summarised.