Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare subtype of chondrosarcoma with a poor prognosis. Although these tumors are sensitive to radiotherapy/chemotherapy, the standard treatment for localized MCS is only surgical resection, and there are no established treatment guidelines for patients with advanced and metastatic MCS. Due to the low incidence of MCS, the pathology of these tumors is still unknown, and other therapeutic options are lacking. Some studies show the potential role of the PDGF/PPI3K/AKT, PKC/RAF/MEK/ERK, and pRB pathways, and BCL2 overexpression in the pathogenesis of MCS. These findings provide an opportunity to use protein kinases and BCL2 inhibitors as potential therapy in MCS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MCS diagnosis and treatment options. We show the immunological and molecular biomarkers used in the diagnosis of MCS. In addition, we discuss the known prognostic and predictive factors in MCS. Finally, we present the novel trends, including targeted therapies and ongoing clinical trials using protein kinase inhibitors and the death receptor 5 (DR5) agonist, which may be the focus of future MCS treatment studies.

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by a preoccupation with perceived appearance flaws. It is highly prevalent among aesthetic surgery candidates and can negatively impact surgical outcomes. The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ) is used for BDD screening, but objective validation is limited. This study aimed to determine whether individuals screening positive for BDD exhibit different visual perception patterns of their own and model faces compared to controls, using eye-tracking technology. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 79 participants, including psychiatric patients and medical students. Participants completed the BDDQ and underwent eye-tracking while evaluating standardized photographs of models and their own faces. Gaze fixation patterns were recorded across pre-defined facial areas of interest. Perception and aesthetic assessment differences between the BDDQ-positive and BDDQ-negative groups were studied. Results: Participants focused most frequently on the nose, eyes and eyebrows. Compared to model faces, more attention was directed toward their own chin and cheeks. However, BDDQ screening results did not significantly influence fixation patterns or eye-tracking metrics. Psychiatric patients, regardless of BDDQ status, exhibited more numerous and shorter fixations than students. All participants rated model faces as significantly more attractive (i.e., higher aesthetic rating) than their own, with the largest difference observed in the BDDQ-positive group. Conclusions: While individuals screening positive for BDD reported lower self-attractiveness, eye-tracking patterns did not differ significantly from those of healthy participants. These findings suggest that BDDQ remains a useful screening tool for subjective dissatisfaction but may not correspond to objective differences in facial visual processing.

Opioid medication is an integral part of pain management in palliative care. However, opioid therapy poses a risk of misuse and abuse of these drugs. Identifying this problem can be difficult due to the specificity of the patient population, as well as the complexity of the potential causes....