The incidence of anxiety and depression disorders is increasing worldwide. There is an increasing incidence of hard-to-treat depression with various aspects of origin. Almost 80% of people prefer to use natural remedies and supplements as their primary healthcare solution. Not surprisingly, around one-third of drugs were inspired by nature. Over the past three decades, the use of such remedies has increased significantly. Synthetic antidepressants may cause various negative side effects, whereas herbal medicines are favored because of their ability to relieve symptoms with minimal to no side effects and lower financial burden. This review provides an overview of herbs and biologically active compounds used to treat depression.

Since postnatal neurogenesis was revealed to have significant implications for cognition and neurological health, researchers have been increasingly exploring the impact of natural compounds on this process, aiming to uncover strategies for enhancing brain plasticity. This review provides an overview of postnatal neurogenesis, neurogenic zones, and disorders characterized by suppressed neurogenesis and neurogenesis-stimulating bioactive compounds. Examining recent studies, this review underscores the multifaceted effects of natural compounds on postnatal neurogenesis. In essence, understanding the interplay between postnatal neurogenesis and natural compounds could bring novel insights into brain health interventions. Exploiting the therapeutic abilities of these compounds may unlock innovative approaches to enhance cognitive function, mitigate neurodegenerative diseases, and promote overall brain well-being.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite their relatively low incidence. Advances in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification have emphasized the integration of histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features, fundamentally transforming diagnostic and prognostic frameworks in neuro-oncology. This manuscript aims to provide an overview of CNS tumor biology, focusing on key diagnostic markers, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and emerging therapeutic strategies. It further describes recent advances in multi-omics approaches and artificial intelligence, which enable deeper characterization of tumor heterogeneity and support the development of precision medicine strategies. Finally, current and emerging therapeutic modalities, including combination therapies, targeted treatments, and novel molecular targets, are examined with emphasis on overcoming resistance mechanisms and improving clinical outcomes. Overall, the integration of molecular biology, advanced diagnostics, and innovative therapeutic approaches represents a critical step toward personalized management of CNS tumors and improved patient survival.