A variety of agrochemicals, especially fertilizers, are applied indiscriminately by farmers across trapezoidal landscapes to increase productivity and satisfy the rising food demand. Around one-third of the populace in developing nations is susceptible to zinc (Zn) deficiency as a result of their direct reliance on cereals as a source of calories. Zinc, an essential micronutrient for plants, performs several critical functions throughout the life cycle of a plant. Zinc is frequently disregarded, due to its indirect contribution to the enhancement of yield. Soil Zn deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies that reduces crop yield. A deficiency of Zn in both plants and soils results from the presence of Zn in fixed forms that are inaccessible to plants, which characterizes the majority of agricultural soils. As a result, alternative and environmentally sustainable methods are required to satisfy the demand for food. It appears that the application of zinc-solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) for sustainable agriculture is feasible. Inoculating plants with ZSB is likely a more efficacious strategy for augmenting Zn translocation in diverse edible plant components. ZSB possessing plant growth-promoting characteristics can serve as bio-elicitors to promote sustainable plant growth, through various methods that are vital to the health and productivity of plants. This review provides an analysis of the efficacy of ZSB, the functional characteristics of ZSB-mediated Zn localization, the mechanism underlying Zn solubilization, and the implementation of ZSB to increase crop yield.

Cypermethrin is extensively used in cotton, fruit, and vegetable crops as well as in home and garden pest control worldwide. Because of its non-degrading and persisting nature, its extensive use is a great threat to the environment. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to isolate fungi and evaluate their potential for mycoremediation of cypermethrin. Twenty-eight fungal isolates were purified from agricultural soil and then tested for cypermethrin degradation under lab conditions. Two of the isolates, 2S3 and 4S4, showed the potential to degrade cypermethrin at a concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹ when incubated for 5 days. Strain 2S3 showed a degradation potential of about 66 % with cypermethrin only mixed with water and almost 80 % when media and a carbon source were available. On the other hand,, strain 4S4 showed around 70 and 80 %, respectively, under the same conditions. The strains were identified by 18S rRNA sequencing and alignment. The results showed 97 % sequence similarity with Fusarium oxysporum strain 8-11P and Fusarium sp. zzz1124. Both qualitative and quantitative investigations were conducted on the pesticide residues using FTIR set-up and HPLC analysis to confirm bioremediation of pyrethroid-contaminated environments.