Klotho proteins, αKlotho, βKlotho, and γKlotho, exert tumor-suppressive activities via the fibroblast growth factor receptors and multiple cell-signaling pathways. There is a growing interest in Klotho proteins as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for multiple diseases. However, recent advances regarding their roles and potential applications in cancer remain disperse and require an integrated analysis. The present review analyzed research articles published between 2012 and 2022 in the Cochrane and Scopus scientific databases to study the role of Klotho in cancer and their potential as tools for diagnosing specific cancer types, predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis. Twenty-six articles were selected, dealing with acute myeloid leukemia and with bladder, breast, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, hepatocellular, ovarian, pancreatic, prostatic, pulmonary, renal, and thyroid cancers. αKlotho was consistently associated with improved prognosis and may be useful in estimating patient survival. A single study reported the use of soluble αKlotho levels in blood serum as a tool to aid the diagnosis of esophageal cancer. γKlotho was associated with increased aggressiveness of bladder, breast, and prostate cancer, and βKlotho showed mixed results. Further clinical development of Klotho-based assays will require careful identification of specific tumor subtypes where Klotho proteins may be most valuable as diagnostic or prognostic tools.

Objetivos: Analisar a correlação do nível de halitose com qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde oral e investigar mudanças no nível de halitose após a reabilitação oral. Métodos: Um estudo observacional foi conduzido com uma amostra de 32 pacientes. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e sobre hábitos de higiene oral, realizado o exame periodontal, aplicado o questionário da OHIP-14 e realizado o teste organolético para avaliação do nível de halitose. A análise estatística incluiu o teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher e teste t. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O grupo com halitose apresentou frequência maior de higiene oral insatisfatória do biofilme dental, baixa adesão ao uso do fio dentário e presença de biofilme lingual (p<0,001). Todos os pacientes com halitose apresentavam periodontite (p=0,026). Um maior impacto da saúde oral sobre a qualidade de vida foi detetado no Grupo Halitose (p=0,003). A análise comparativa antes e após a reabilitação oral mostrou redução significativa nos níveis de halitose (p=0,002). Conclusões: Indivíduos com halitose apresentam maior impacto negativo da saúde oral na qualidade de vida. A adoção de cuidados de higiene oral e planeamento adequado do tratamento dentário pode auxiliar no controle da halitose e contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of systematic oral examination training on the accuracy of detecting simulated oral lesions among dental surgeons (DDS) and dental students (DS). Methods: Twenty-seven DDS (with >2 years’ practice) and 10 final-year DS were randomized into control and intervention groups. The intervention group attended a lecture on oral cavity anatomy and a systematic examination protocol. Simulated patients, without oral lesions or prostheses, had black dots applied to their mucosa. Participants examined these patients and recorded any detected lesions and their locations. Results: In the intervention group, DDS detected lesions at a median rate of 90%, significantly higher than 75% in controls (p=0.01). Similarly, DS in the intervention group achieved a median detection rate of 90% versus 80% in controls. Furthermore, DDS in the intervention group were significantly more accurate in localizing lesions on the floor of the mouth (p=0.004), right maxillary tuber (p=0.01), upper labial mucosa (p=0.01), and lower jaw right vestibule (p=0.004). Conclusion: Systematic oral examination training significantly enhances the accuracy of simulated oral lesion detection, particularly in critical anatomical regions. These findings support the value of targeted training for improving diagnostic skills among dental practitioners and students.