This study investigates how architectural studio environments influence student well-being through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). According to SDT, the fulfilment of three core psychological needs, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, is essential for motivation and learning. Using a convergent mixed-methods case study, we examined the lived experiences of undergraduate interior architecture design students at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University (Türkiye). Data were collected through an online survey ( n = 114), classroom observations, and a design exercise in which students reimagined their ideal studio space. Survey results revealed consistent concerns about spatial inflexibility, inadequate lighting and insufficient equipment, which students perceived as undermining their autonomy and competence. Observations confirmed these limitations, while design proposals emphasised flexible layouts, individualised workstations, improved lighting, and informal gathering spaces to foster relatedness and collaboration. By triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, the study demonstrates how deficiencies in current studio design hinder learning outcomes while also identifying strategies to create environments that support psychological well-being. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for aligning architecture studio design with SDT principles, offering practical guidance for institutions seeking to create learning environments that foster student motivation, engagement, and well-being.

Twentieth-century cities in leading national economies evolved through distinct industrial clusters that shaped their growth. Initially, these cities were influenced by the manufacturing sectors ty...

Microalgae facade systems have emerged as an innovative approach in sustainable architecture, offering benefits in energy efficiency, carbon reduction, and biomass production. However, research remains fragmented across biotechnology, environmental engineering, and architectural design, with limited synthesis of its intellectual structure and thematic evolution. This study presents a bibliometric and thematic analysis of microalgae facade research in buildings from 2016 to 2025 using a combined Web of Science and Scopus dataset of 59 publications. The analysis examines publication trends, influential authors, journals, collaboration networks, and key research themes, while science mapping identifies conceptual clusters and their evolution. A sustainability-oriented perspective further links these themes to the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings show that research has primarily focused on photobioreactor technologies, energy performance, and biomass production, whereas architectural integration and real-world building applications remain underexplored. Although interdisciplinary collaboration has increased in recent years, the field is still at an early stage of development. This study provides a systematic overview of the current intellectual landscape, identifies research gaps, and offers directions for advancing microalgae facade technologies toward sustainable and net-zero built environments.

Chicago has been an active city since it started to attract people for new opportunities in the 1830s. After the city experienced the Great Fire in 1871, the primary concern was to rebuild the city. The absence of fire-protective materials, fragile soil conditions, and the need for multistory commercial buildings with structural stability were serious challenges. Many prominent architects and engineers not only rose to them but also created the “Commercial Style”. Thus, the time witnessed the emergence of the Chicago School. This paper addresses the influence of Louis Henry Sullivan on the Chicago School of Architecture. Looking at the remarkable ideas in materials and construction techniques employed at the time, it is aimed to answer how a city is built on its dynamics on a different scale. It provides an in-depth analysis of the period’s problems related to building construction via literature review, drawings, and photographs. As the method of the study, tall building innovations were investigated using Sullivan’s five buildings which express the idea of contemporary high- rise buildings and technical solutions of the period. The study will contribute literature answering how these buildings’ designs responded to the theory behind the Chicago School of Architecture.