The nondestructive testing of agricultural products has always been a key technology for the modernization of agriculture and food. By applying a sinusoidal voltage (current) excitation signal of variable frequency, the relationship between the amplitude, frequency and phase of the response signal is obtained, and the measured response function in a certain frequency range is obtained, constructing the correlation between impedance spectroscopy and matter properties. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a widely used method for the nondestructive characterization of agricultural products, and its applications in the agricultural field has attracted increasing attention. This paper summarizes the research of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the detection of grain quality, fruit and vegetable quality, meat quality and food quality from 2005 to 2022. The potential and development direction of electrical impedance spectroscopy in the nondestructive testing of agricultural product quality are prospected, which provides a reference for scientific researchers who applied electrical impedance spectroscopy in agricultural product quality detection.