The reservoir physical properties, pore types, diagenetic characteristics and reservoir quality controlling effect of the Xishanyao formation coal measure sandstone in the southern margin of the Junggar basin were discussed in this study based on thin section observation, high pressure mercury injection, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscope observation. The result shows that the porosity and permeability of the sandstone are generally low with a medium-high texture maturity and low compositional maturity. The sandstone storage space is mainly composed of residual intergranular pores, secondary dissolution pores, inter-crystalline pores and micro-fractures. The diagenetic stage of coal measure sandstone is in the mesodiagenesis A1-A2 stage, and their diagenetic interaction types mainly include compaction, cementation and dissolution. The reservoir quality of the coal measure sandstone deteriorates by compaction due to high matrix content and plastic debris content. Because of the large amounts of organic acids generated during the thermal evolution of the coal measure source rock, the coal measure sandstone suffers from strong dissolution. The secondary dissolution pores formed by the massive dissolution of feldspar, lithic fragments and early carbonate cementation in the sandstone significantly improved the reservoir quality. In the coal measure sandstone, clay mineral cementation is the most developed cementation form, followed by quartz cementation and carbonate cementation. Although kaolinite cementation and dolomite cementation can generate a small number of inter-crystalline pores, cementation deteriorates the reservoir quality. The Xishanyao formation coal measure sandstone formed in a lacustrine-delta environment, and its composition and texture make it susceptible to the influence of compaction and dissolution during diagenesis.

The southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, has abundant coalbed methane (CBM) resources. Currently, the Baiyang River development pilot test area (BYR block for short) in the Fukang east block has achieved large-scale CBM development, but the productivity characteristics and its controlling factor are still unclear. Based on the field production data of the BYR block and experimental tests, this paper summarizes the gas and water production characteristics and presents the analysis results of the geological and geochemical responses to the productivity of CBM wells. The productivity of CBM wells in the BYR block was generally characterized as medium-to-low yield. The productivity was jointly controlled by the burial depth, structure condition, thickness and number of co-production coal seams, and hydrogeological conditions. The gas production first increased and then decreased with the increase in the burial depth of the coal seam, and a burial depth between 750 and 1000 m was the most beneficial to increasing the gas production due to the good gas preservation conditions and suitable permeability and stress conditions. The total thickness of the co-production coal seams had a positive effect on the productivity of gas wells, but the productivity was also affected by the number of co-production coal seams and interlayer interference. In the BYR block, the co-production of the nos. 41 and 42 coal seams was the most favorable combination form for CBM drainage. The productivity of CBM wells had a good response to the Na⁺, K⁺ and HCO₃⁻ concentrations but a poor response to δD-H₂O and δ18O-H₂O. Based on the concentrations of the main ions and TDSs of the coal seam water, a productivity response index δ* was established, and there was a good positive correlation between the productivity and δ*.

This paper investigates the development of low-carbon buildings and carbon emission control in Jiangsu Province, China, utilizing a mathematical model. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the carbon emissions of the entire life cycle of residential buildings are evaluated, and a Grey Prediction Model is established. The study shows that the annual carbon emission from air conditioners is 370.92 kg, given an annual electricity consumption of 1324.71 kW and a carbon emission of 0.28 kg per kWh. It identifies the key carbon emission indicators, including precipitation, temperature, energy consumption, building area, construction materials, water, natural gas, and waste. Principal component analysis ranks building area as the most significant factor. Using the GM (1,1) model, the carbon emissions of Jiangsu Province in 2024 were predicted to be 1.5576 million tons by historical data. Emission reduction suggestions are proposed, such as constructing thicker walls, increasing green spaces, reducing construction waste, and promoting balanced economic development. Moreover, prioritizing insulation materials in building design can reduce winter energy consumption since energy consumption is higher in winter than in summer. This research supports China’s goals of achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 while encouraging low-carbon technological innovation and improving people’s living standards. This study also emphasizes the importance of locally tailored strategies for effective emissions reduction.

The southern Junggar Basin in Xinjiang is rich in coalbed methane (CBM) resources. Large-scale development is underway in the Sigong River block (SGR block) of the Fukang West Block. Based on an integrated analysis of geological and hydrogeochemical characteristics, this study clarifies the key factors affecting CBM well productivity in the SGR block. Based on gas and water production performance, four distinct productivity types of CBM wells are identified, which are jointly controlled by burial depth, local structural and hydraulic disturbance, and also governed by synergistic interplay between gas content and permeability. The optimal geological combination—comprising the 700–1000 m burial depth, syncline core structure, stagnant hydrodynamic conditions, relatively high gas content, and favorable permeability—collectively contributes to the high-productivity Type I wells with low water production. In contrast, deep coal seams (>1400 m), characterized by reduced gas content and extremely low permeability, correspond to Type IV wells, which exhibit low gas and water production. Type II wells, located in the 1000–1400 m interval, exhibit moderate and variable productivity controlled by the interplay between high gas content and a wide range of permeability. Shallow margins (<700 m) affected by coal combustion and surface water influx produce high-water and low-gas wells (Type III). Geochemical signatures effectively differentiate between these types: closed, stagnant environments (Types I/II) are marked by a Na-Cl-HCO₃/Na-HCO₃-Cl water type, moderate total dissolved solids, and low sodium chloride coefficients, while open hydrodynamic conditions (Type III) are indicated by Na-SO₄-HCO₃ water with high sodium chloride coefficients. A δD-H₂O/δ¹⁸O-H₂O ratio of 7–9, combined with favorable TDS and water type, is identified as a key indicator of high productivity. Based on these relationships, a productivity response index model incorporating critical geological and geochemical parameters was developed. This model provides a practical tool for predicting CBM well performance and targeting sweet spots, offering significant value for exploring geologically and hydrologically complex basins.