Breast cancer is often seen as a disease that occurs in women, but it can also appear in men in a very small percentage, below 1%. Men have a minimal amount of breast tissue compared to women, which has the potential to become malignant in a similar way to women, although much less frequently. A patient presented with advanced local invasion due to the low amount of breast tissue, with the tumor quickly invading the adjacent structures. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations have an extremely important role in the pathology of breast cancer. Given that male breast cancer is rare and there are not enough surgeons specializing in breast surgery in our country, there is a lack of experience in the management and early diagnosis of this type of cancer, which will be highlighted in this article.

Background/Objectives: Immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles assessed on core biopsies guide initial therapy in breast cancer; however, paired changes between biopsy and surgical specimens may alter treatment pathways. We aimed to quantify paired biomarker dynamics (ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67) and the proportion of patients undergoing clinically actionable reclassification. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 79 patients with paired pre- and post-surgical IHC for ER, PR, HER2 (0/1+/2+/3+ with reflex ISH for 2+), and Ki-67 (20% cut-off). Paired categorical shifts were tested with McNemar’s test; agreement was quantified using Cohen’s κ (95% CI); and multivariable logistic regression examined correlates of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Two-sided p < 0.05 denoted statistical significance. Results: Post-surgical reassessment showed measurable conversions: PR-negative increased from 15.19% to 27.85%, while PR-positive decreased 84.81%→72.15%; HER2 3+ contracted 11.39%→6.33% with a parallel rise in 2+ (equivocal) 17.72%→24.05%; Ki-67 < 20% rose 37.97%→56.96%, whereas the >30% category was absent post-surgery. McNemar tests indicated significant paired shifts for PR (p = 0.016) and Ki-67 (p = 0.009); agreement was substantial for ER (κ = 0.70) and lower for PR (κ = 0.49), HER2 (κ = 0.43), and Ki-67 (κ = 0.29). High proliferation (Ki-67 ≥ 20%) independently predicted NACT (OR = 4.36, 95% CI 1.48–12.80). Conclusions: Paired IHC reassessment from biopsy to surgery reveals biomarker conversions that can reclassify therapeutic eligibility (e.g., anti-HER2 candidacy, endocrine strategies). These data support selective confirmation of IHC on resection specimens in routine practice and provide Δ-metrics to inform decision-making; external validation in prospective cohorts is warranted.

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women globally. In Romania, it is the most frequent form of cancer affecting women, with approximately 12,000 new cases diagnosed annually, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, second only to lung cancer. Methods: This study looked at 79 breast cancer patients from Oltenia, concentrating on epidemiology, histology, diagnostic features, and treatments. Patients were chosen based on inclusion criteria such as histopathologically verified diagnosis, availability of clinical and treatment data, and follow-up information. The analyzed biological material consisted of tissue samples taken from the breast parenchyma and axillary lymph nodes. Even though not the primary subject of this paper, all patients underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: We found invasive ductal carcinoma to be the predominant type, while ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mixed types were rare. We performed cross-tabulations of metastasis versus nodal status and age versus therapy type; none reached significance (all p > 0.05), suggesting observed differences were likely due to chance. A chi-square test comparing surgical interventions (breast-conserving vs. mastectomy) in patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy showed, χ² = 3.17, p = 0.367, indicating that chemotherapy did not significantly influence surgical choice. Importantly, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used at similar rates across age groups, whereas neoadjuvant hormonal (endocrine) therapy was more common in older patients (but without statistical significance). Conclusions: Finally, we discussed the consequences of individualized care and early detection. Romania’s shockingly low screening rate, which contributes to delayed diagnosis, emphasizes the importance of improved population medical examination and tailored treatment options. Also, the country has one of the lowest rates of mammography uptake in Europe and no systematic population screening program.