Multivalued logics are becoming one of the most important tools of information technology. They are in great demand for creation of artificial intelligence systems that are close to human intelligence, since the functioning of the latter cannot be reduced to the operations of binary logic. At the same time, the problem of improving the efficiency of using the results of research in multivalued logics, as well as the problem of interpreting variables of multivalued logic, is acute. These problems create certain interdisciplinary barriers and make it difficult to implement the results of research in the field of multivalued logics in other fields of knowledge. It is shown that the problem of interpreting multivalued logic variables can be removed by establishing correspondence with fuzzy logic variables. Improving the efficiency of using of operations of multivalued logics and their variables can be provided by using their close connection to Galois fields. This connection, among other things, makes it possible to reduce any operations of multivalued logics, the number of variables in which is equal to a prime number, to algebraic functions whose arguments take values in Galois fields. This allows, among other things, to eliminate the very cumbersome constructions used in works on multivalued logic and make its apparatus convenient for use in related scientific disciplines in information technology. Direct verification of the adequacy of algorithms based on the use of Galois fields can be carried out by means of radio-electronic circuits, examples of which are presented in the present paper.

An analysis of the behavior of Internet users from the point of view of their preferences in the choice of information sources and the effectiveness of their impact is presented. It is shown that the modern infocommunication space has undergone qualitative changes in the most recent time, and these transformations are already having a pronounced impact on higher education, mainly through the factor of competition between information sources. It is shown that these transformations can be interpreted as the evolution of the noosphere, which is considered as a global infocommunication network, in which non-trivial transpersonal information objects are formed. Their existence leads to the fact that the human intellect has a dual nature - both individual and collective principles are present in it at the same time. The latter is responsible for such phenomena as the collective unconscious, understood in the sense of Jung. It is shown that the neural network model of the noosphere makes it possible to formulate a similar concept of "professional collective unconscious", which is responsible for professional intuition, acts of creativity, etc. In turn, the existence of the professional collective unconscious forces us to radically reconsider the content of what is called training and move to the concept of meta-learning, which, among other things, involves stimulating transitions from one level of interaction with transpersonal information structures that make up the professional collective unconscious to another.

It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of using methods of abstract algebra in modern information technologies, it is important to establish an explicit connection between operations corresponding to various varieties of multivalued logics and algebraic operations. For multivalued logics, the number of variables in which is equal to a prime number, such a connection is naturally established through explicit algebraic expressions in Galois fields. It is possible to define an algebraic δ-function, which allows you to reduce any truth table to an algebraic expression, for the case when the number of values accepted by a multivalued logic variable is equal to an integer power of a prime number. In this paper, we show that the algebraic δ-function can also be defined for the case when the number of values taken by a multivalued logic variable is p − 1, where p is a prime number. This function also allows to reduce logical operations to algebraic expressions. Specific examples of the constructiveness of the proposed approach are presented, as well as electronic circuits that experimentally prove its adequacy.

It is shown that the implementation of breakthrough progress in artificial intelligence cannot be accomplished without a radical modernization of the methodological framework for research in this area. This upgrade can be performed only with the use of conceptual and methodological apparatus of dialectics. Its consistent application to objects, in either case connected with ideas about the intellect, results in the formulation of the dialectic symmetry principle. The first practical steps for the implementation of the proposed concept in practice are associated with the creation of a new education paradigm, which operates, including ideas that “education” being understood as a public institution, is not reducible to individual learning. Education in modern conditions can and should be viewed primarily as a tool to influence public consciousness, or more precisely, its subsystems.

The current state of affairs in the field of using polymer hydrogels for the creation of innovative systems for signal and image processing, of which computing is a special case, is analyzed. Both of these specific examples of systems capable of forming an alternative to the existing semiconductor-based computing technology, but assuming preservation of the used algorithmic basis, and non-trivial signal converters, the nature of which requires transition to fundamentally different algorithms of data processing, are considered. It is shown that the variability of currently developed information processing systems based on the use of polymers, including polymer hydrogels, leads to the need to search for complementary algorithms. Moreover, the well-known thesis that modern polymer science allows for the realization of functional materials with predetermined properties, at the present stage, receives a new sounding: it is acceptable to raise the question of creating systems built on a quasi-biological basis and realizing predetermined algorithms of information or image processing. Specific examples that meet this thesis are considered, in particular, promising information protection systems for UAV groups, as well as systems based on the coupling of neural networks with holograms that solve various applied problems. These and other case studies demonstrate the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation for solving problems arising from the need for further modernization of signal processing systems.