With the intensification of global population aging, attention to the emotional health of the elderly continues to grow. Traditional interior architectural design primarily focuses on optimizing physical functionality; however, this approach is no longer sufficient to meet the increasingly complex emotional needs of the elderly. Integrating the Three-Level Theory of Emotional Design (TTED) into interior design provides a significant opportunity to systematically address the multidimensional needs of the elderly. However, existing research is often fragmented and lacks thematic literature reviews to summarize the key factors, characteristics, and design strategy frameworks of interior design. This study aims to evaluate the impact of interior design on the emotional experiences of the elderly and to construct a conceptual framework to address current research gaps. By establishing rigorous selection criteria, 39 high-quality studies were identified from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Mendeley databases. Using ATLAS.ti 9 for thematic analysis, five core themes were distilled: aesthetics, use and function, emotional reflection, design strategies, and emotional experience. The findings revealed that architectural interior design practices often paid limited attention to the emotional needs of older adults. Through a comprehensive literature review, 10 key design features were identified, including multi-sensory attributes, morphological characteristics, cultural elements, and natural components, alongside 17 related research directions. The study introduces a dynamic feedback mechanism within the framework of the proposed architectural interior design strategy, highlighting the importance of employing multiple strategies that balance and complement each other in practical applications. Additionally, the study clarifies future research directions, offering theoretical support and practical guidance for designers to address the complex needs of the elderly. This achievement provides a systematic reference for the future development of interior architectural design and has significant implications for improving the emotional experience of the elderly.

Women’s sense of safety is central to domestic violence shelter provision, yet the architectural and interior environment has been addressed unevenly across disciplines, and related findings are rarely consolidated. This scoping review maps and characterises peer-reviewed evidence on how domestic violence shelter built environments relate to women’s sense of safety and synthesises recurrent evidence-linked candidate mechanisms. We searched Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed and supplemented database searches with citation chasing and Google Scholar screening. Included studies were systematically charted and synthesised using reflexive thematic analysis and an evidence-mapping approach. To support transparent interpretation, we distinguished direct domestic violence shelter evidence from analogous accommodation evidence and broader transfer-based inference, and we appraised included studies to qualify interpretive confidence rather than exclude studies. Twenty studies met inclusion criteria. The evidence base is small and methodologically heterogeneous, with qualitative designs predominant and uneven architectural specificity. Synthesis yielded four criteria and twelve parameters: Physical Protection, Autonomous Control, Spatial Legibility, and Restorative Comfort, capturing candidate mechanisms through which spatial conditions, interpreted alongside governance practices and threat context, may shape women’s sense of safety. The review consolidates the current evidence base and helps shape a focused agenda for future empirical work in domestic violence shelter settings.

1. Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 on gender equality – especially Target 5.2, which calls for the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls – remains a major glob...

Emotional experience has become increasingly important in community-based adult daycare centers (CADCs) for older adults because inadequately designed interior environments can intensify stress, discomfort, and social withdrawal, thereby undermining psychological well-being and everyday participation. However, most existing evaluation tools emphasize functional performance and safety compliance and do not provide an operational framework for capturing, quantifying, and translating emotional experience into design decisions. This study develops a measurement model of older adults’ emotional experience in Chinese CADCs. Guided by the Three-Level Theory of Emotional Design (TTED), the study established a hierarchical framework through a systematic literature review and semi-structured expert interviews, which identified and validated four criteria and seventeen interior design features. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then used to determine feature-level indicator weights and construct a structured measurement model. The results showed that Functional and Usability Needs received the highest weight at 44.57%, followed by Physical-environmental Comfort Needs, Emotional and Reflective Needs, and Aesthetic Needs. The model was further tested through on-site fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) with older users across nine CADCs in China. The resulting site-level composite scores revealed both shared patterns across centers and context-specific differences. This study offers a verifiable and transferable workflow that integrates AHP and FCE to support continuous assessment and targeted environmental optimization under resource constraints. Keywords: emotional design, measurement model, interior environments, community-based adult daycare centers, model development