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Prof. Subhas Mukhopadhyay
Macquarie University

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Internet of Things
0 Wireless Sensor Networks
0 sensor networks
0 smart sensors
0 sensors modeling

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Internet of Things
sensor networks
Wireless Sensor Networks
smart sensors
sensors modeling

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Short Biography

Dr. Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay is working as a Professor of Mechanical/ Electronics Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia and is the Discipline Leader of the Mechatronics Engineering Degree Programme. His fields of interest include Smart Sensors and sensing technology, instrumentation techniques, wireless sensors and network (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT), wearable sensors etc. He has supervised over 40 postgraduate students and over 100 Honours students. He has examined over 60 postgraduate theses. He has published over 400 papers in different international journals and conference proceedings, written seven books and forty two book chapters and edited seventeen conference proceedings. He has also edited thirty books with Springer-Verlag and twenty five journal special issues. He has organized over 20 international conferences as either General Chairs/co-chairs or Technical Programme Chair. He has delivered 353 presentations including keynote, invited, tutorial and special lectures. He is a Fellow of IEEE (USA), a Fellow of IET (UK), a Fellow of IETE (India), a Topical Editor of IEEE Sensors journal, and an associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements. He is a Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Sensors Council from 2017 to 2022. He is the Founding Chair of the IEEE Sensors Council New South Wales Chapter. More details can be available at http://web.science.mq.edu.au/directory/listing/person.htm?id=smukhopa.

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Conference paper
Published: 31 August 2021 in Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking
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The use of tactile sensing systems for ubiquitous robotic and telehealth monitoring will be one of the revolutionary changes in this century. Currently, robots are being used in almost all industries, but the growing need is to have robots that have a sense of touch and feel so that they can coexist with humans at the workplace and home. E-skin can promise that functionality by which they can feel the touch the same as humans do. The proposed E-skin uses the pressure-sensitive matrix (row–column) for measuring the change in capacitance using polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) as substrate and copper electrodes. This system can be viewed as a large area E-skin with the capability of measuring both static and dynamic forces. It helps in telehealth, pain management, remote temperature monitoring, and robotic-assisted surgeries. This wearable E-skin shows the effectiveness of technology in evolving the human–robot (H-R) co-working and touch in the present era.

ACS Style

Samta Sapra; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Wearable and Tactile E-skin for Large-Area Robots. Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking 2021, 171 -178.

AMA Style

Samta Sapra, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Wearable and Tactile E-skin for Large-Area Robots. Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking. 2021; ():171-178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samta Sapra; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "Wearable and Tactile E-skin for Large-Area Robots." Advances in Communication, Devices and Networking , no. : 171-178.

Review
Published: 18 August 2021 in Sensors
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With the advancement of human-computer interaction, robotics, and especially humanoid robots, there is an increasing trend for human-to-human communications over online platforms (e.g., zoom). This has become more significant in recent years due to the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The increased use of online platforms for communication signifies the need to build efficient and more interactive human emotion recognition systems. In a human emotion recognition system, the physiological signals of human beings are collected, analyzed, and processed with the help of dedicated learning techniques and algorithms. With the proliferation of emerging technologies, e.g., the Internet of Things (IoT), future Internet, and artificial intelligence, there is a high demand for building scalable, robust, efficient, and trustworthy human recognition systems. In this paper, we present the development and progress in sensors and technologies to detect human emotions. We review the state-of-the-art sensors used for human emotion recognition and different types of activity monitoring. We present the design challenges and provide practical references of such human emotion recognition systems in the real world. Finally, we discuss the current trends in applications and explore the future research directions to address issues, e.g., scalability, security, trust, privacy, transparency, and decentralization.

ACS Style

Shantanu Pal; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Nagender Suryadevara. Development and Progress in Sensors and Technologies for Human Emotion Recognition. Sensors 2021, 21, 5554 .

AMA Style

Shantanu Pal, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Nagender Suryadevara. Development and Progress in Sensors and Technologies for Human Emotion Recognition. Sensors. 2021; 21 (16):5554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shantanu Pal; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Nagender Suryadevara. 2021. "Development and Progress in Sensors and Technologies for Human Emotion Recognition." Sensors 21, no. 16: 5554.

Conference paper
Published: 29 July 2021 in Algorithms for Intelligent Systems
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The operational management of a smart city environment using IoT data is a challenge. Resource descriptor framework (RDF) techniques interpret relationships in activity profiles to generate better situationally aware operational information. The data analysis uses a system process approach, to create an effective smart city monitoring and management system. The two-year project uses a LoRaWAN network of sensor nodes across a 127-ha campus, using customised sensors, producing a daily operational record of three important criteria: (a) human traffic count, (b) temperature and (c) humidity, at each of the seventy-one carefully selected locations. An ontology-based semantic framework is used to describe, in process-driven operational terms, campus-related activity, including before, during and in the waning days of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper shows how the technology is used on the Macquarie University Campus and environs, process optimization methods tried, predictive techniques developed to improve operational effectiveness in an evolving smart city environment.

ACS Style

Ollencio D’Souza; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Fowzia Akhter; Sam Khadivizand; Erfan Memar. Extracting Operational Insights from Everyday IoT Data, Generated by IoT Sensors Over LoRaWAN. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems 2021, 241 -249.

AMA Style

Ollencio D’Souza, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Fowzia Akhter, Sam Khadivizand, Erfan Memar. Extracting Operational Insights from Everyday IoT Data, Generated by IoT Sensors Over LoRaWAN. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. 2021; ():241-249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ollencio D’Souza; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Fowzia Akhter; Sam Khadivizand; Erfan Memar. 2021. "Extracting Operational Insights from Everyday IoT Data, Generated by IoT Sensors Over LoRaWAN." Algorithms for Intelligent Systems , no. : 241-249.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Energies
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Automotive applications often experience conflicting-objective optimization problems focusing on performance parameters that are catered through precisely developed cost functions. Two such conflicting objectives which substantially affect the working of traction machine drive are maximizing its speed performance and minimizing its energy consumption. In case of an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain, drive energy is bounded by battery dynamics (charging and capacity) which depend on the consumption of drive voltage and current caused by driving cycle schedules, traffic state, EV loading, and drive temperature. In other words, battery consumption of an EV depends upon its drive energy consumption. A conventional control technique improves the speed performance of EV at the cost of its drive energy consumption. However, the proposed optimized energy control (OEC) scheme optimizes this energy consumption by using robust linear parameter varying (LPV) control tuned by genetic algorithms which significantly improves the EV powertrain performance. The analysis of OEC scheme is conducted on the developed vehicle simulator through MATLAB/Simulink based simulations as well as on an induction machine drive platform. The accuracy of the proposed OEC is quantitatively assessed to be 99.3% regarding speed performance which is elaborated by the drive speed, voltage, and current results against standard driving cycles.

ACS Style

S. Ali; Vivek Sharma; M. Hossain; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Dong Wang. Optimized Energy Control Scheme for Electric Drive of EV Powertrain Using Genetic Algorithms. Energies 2021, 14, 3529 .

AMA Style

S. Ali, Vivek Sharma, M. Hossain, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Dong Wang. Optimized Energy Control Scheme for Electric Drive of EV Powertrain Using Genetic Algorithms. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3529.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Ali; Vivek Sharma; M. Hossain; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Dong Wang. 2021. "Optimized Energy Control Scheme for Electric Drive of EV Powertrain Using Genetic Algorithms." Energies 14, no. 12: 3529.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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This work presents a coursework design process to study the fugitive dust generation and detection method in South Korean Cities. The work is broadly classified into two parts, namely, designing of a software-based virtual platform to study the fugitive dust generation sites i.e the construction sites in a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) environment and developing a low-cost dust concentration detection sensor to perform the different laboratory-based test within undergraduate coursework. The work also evaluates the effectiveness of the dustproof nets usually used by the construction industry in preventing fugitive dust. A detailed background check in terms of theoretical and legal rules has been studied. Then detailed simulations are performed and finally, the sensor system is developed to perform field tests.

ACS Style

Minyoung Jeong; Sarbajit Paul; Junghwan Chang; Hak-Ki Lee; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Development of Coursework on Studying Fugitive Dust From Construction Site Using Optical-Type Dust Sensor. IEEE Sensors Journal 2021, 21, 17318 -17326.

AMA Style

Minyoung Jeong, Sarbajit Paul, Junghwan Chang, Hak-Ki Lee, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Development of Coursework on Studying Fugitive Dust From Construction Site Using Optical-Type Dust Sensor. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2021; 21 (15):17318-17326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minyoung Jeong; Sarbajit Paul; Junghwan Chang; Hak-Ki Lee; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "Development of Coursework on Studying Fugitive Dust From Construction Site Using Optical-Type Dust Sensor." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 15: 17318-17326.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in IEEE Access
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This paper proposes two electric energy management systems (EMSs) in the context of a grid-connected residential neighbourhood with electric vehicles (EVs), battery storage, and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. The EMSs were developed to minimize the cost of electricity whilst having no impact on routine individual energy needs and travel patterns. The EMSs were evaluated using common sets of real data with the aim to compare the effectiveness of a centralized EMS with decentralized EMS. The models also accounted for the battery capacity degradation and the associated costs. Simulation studies and numerical analyses were presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed EMSs considering a high-density residential building in Sydney, Australia. The simulation results indicate that the centralized EMS is more effective compared to the decentralized EMS in terms of cost savings. It is also observed that the energy management strategies significantly reduce the energy drawn from the grid compared to un-optimized energy management schemes.

ACS Style

Sohaib Rafique; M.J. Hossain; Mohammad Sohrab Hasan Nizami; Usama Irshad; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Energy management systems for residential buildings with electric vehicles and distributed energy resources. IEEE Access 2021, PP, 1 -1.

AMA Style

Sohaib Rafique, M.J. Hossain, Mohammad Sohrab Hasan Nizami, Usama Irshad, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Energy management systems for residential buildings with electric vehicles and distributed energy resources. IEEE Access. 2021; PP (99):1-1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sohaib Rafique; M.J. Hossain; Mohammad Sohrab Hasan Nizami; Usama Irshad; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "Energy management systems for residential buildings with electric vehicles and distributed energy resources." IEEE Access PP, no. 99: 1-1.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking
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Barrier coverage scheduling is an energy conservation scheme in which a subset of sensor nodes with overlapped sensing area (also called barrier) is activated to meet the key Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as energy-efficiency, coverage, and connectivity. However, sudden and unexpected node failures in a barrier due to security attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS) poses a challenge for maintaining the desired QoS levels. In this paper, we propose a secure barrier coverage scheduling scheme called SEC2, which prevents QoS degradation in the event of security breaches. This scheme uses a fully weighted attributed dynamic graph model in which a novel attribute-based weight balancing greedy strategy is used to construct barriers. A weighted averaging-based K-means Spectral, and Hierarchical (WKSH) cluster ensemble scheme is proposed to secure a barrier from malicious attacks. WKSH is a graph-based anomaly detection scheme based on weighted Euclidean distance computation and weighted average consensus. The experimental result shows that SEC2 guarantees the required QoS at all times. Moreover, the proposed WKSH shows better accuracy in the classification and detection of attacks in the barrier.

ACS Style

Diya Thomas; Rajan Shankaran; Mehmet A. Orgun; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. SEC 2: A Secure and Energy Efficient Barrier Coverage Scheduling for WSN-Based IoT Applications. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 2021, 5, 622 -634.

AMA Style

Diya Thomas, Rajan Shankaran, Mehmet A. Orgun, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. SEC 2: A Secure and Energy Efficient Barrier Coverage Scheduling for WSN-Based IoT Applications. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking. 2021; 5 (2):622-634.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diya Thomas; Rajan Shankaran; Mehmet A. Orgun; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "SEC 2: A Secure and Energy Efficient Barrier Coverage Scheduling for WSN-Based IoT Applications." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking 5, no. 2: 622-634.

Review
Published: 27 February 2021 in Computers
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Water quality is the most critical factor affecting fish health and performance in aquaculture production systems. Fish life is mostly dependent on the water fishes live in for all their needs. Therefore, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the water quality requirements of the fish. This research discusses the critical water parameters (temperature, pH, nitrate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, and dissolved oxygen (DO)) for fisheries and reviews the existing sensors to detect those parameters. Moreover, this paper proposes a prospective solution for smart fisheries that will help to monitor water quality factors, make decisions based on the collected data, and adapt more quickly to changing conditions.

ACS Style

Fowzia Akhter; Hasin Siddiquei; Eshrat E. Alahi; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Recent Advancement of the Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality Parameters in Smart Fisheries Farming. Computers 2021, 10, 26 .

AMA Style

Fowzia Akhter, Hasin Siddiquei, Eshrat E. Alahi, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Recent Advancement of the Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality Parameters in Smart Fisheries Farming. Computers. 2021; 10 (3):26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fowzia Akhter; Hasin Siddiquei; Eshrat E. Alahi; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "Recent Advancement of the Sensors for Monitoring the Water Quality Parameters in Smart Fisheries Farming." Computers 10, no. 3: 26.

Chapter
Published: 16 February 2021 in Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation
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Interdigital electrodes/contacts (IDCs) based sensors are widely used in a variety of chemical and biological sensors, which presents promising advantages such as high sensitivity, low electron mobility, enhanced gate conductivity and increased signal to noise ratio. In particular, interdigitating (or interlocking) the electrodes can be valuable for organic field-effect transistors (OFET) designed using conducting polymers and peptides as semiconducting material. The current chapter discusses the finite-element numerical modelling along with the design and fabrication of IDC-based OFETs.

ACS Style

Nireekshan Kumar Sodavaram; S. C. Mukhopadhyay. Fabrication of Interdigital Electrodes for Monolithic Biosensing. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation 2021, 247 -266.

AMA Style

Nireekshan Kumar Sodavaram, S. C. Mukhopadhyay. Fabrication of Interdigital Electrodes for Monolithic Biosensing. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation. 2021; ():247-266.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nireekshan Kumar Sodavaram; S. C. Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "Fabrication of Interdigital Electrodes for Monolithic Biosensing." Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation , no. : 247-266.

Chapter
Published: 16 February 2021 in Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation
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Interdigital sensors are being used in many different applications around us to help human beings to live a safe, sound and healthy life. The transition has taken place due to significant changes in terms of material, manufacturing, signal processing, and applications and so on. The current chapter will describe a few applications in which the author is involved over the last two decades to show the gradual changes taken place during the time.

ACS Style

S. C. Mukhopadhyay; C. P. Gooneratne; J. K. Roy. Progress of Interdigital Sensors Over Last Two Decades: A researcher’s Perspective. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation 2021, 1 -21.

AMA Style

S. C. Mukhopadhyay, C. P. Gooneratne, J. K. Roy. Progress of Interdigital Sensors Over Last Two Decades: A researcher’s Perspective. Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation. 2021; ():1-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. C. Mukhopadhyay; C. P. Gooneratne; J. K. Roy. 2021. "Progress of Interdigital Sensors Over Last Two Decades: A researcher’s Perspective." Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation , no. : 1-21.

Review
Published: 12 February 2021 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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This comprehensive review mainly analyzes and summarizes the recently published works on IEEExplore in sensor-driven smart living contexts. We have gathered over 150 research papers, especially in the past five years. We categorize them into four major research directions: activity tracker, affective computing, sleep monitoring, and ingestive behavior. We report each research direction’s summary by following our defined sensor types: biomedical sensors, mechanical sensors, non-contact sensors, and others. Furthermore, the review behaves as one-stop service literature appropriate for novices who intend to research the direction of sensor-driven applications towards smart living. In conclusion, the state-of-the-art works, the publicity available data sources, and the future challenge issues (sensor selection, algorithms, and privacy) are the major contributions of this proposed article.

ACS Style

Pitshaporn Leelaarporn; Patcharapol Wachiraphan; Thitikorn Kaewlee; Tinnakit Udsa; Rattanaphon Chaisaen; Tanut Choksatchawathi; Rawipreeya Laosirirat; Payongkit Lakhan; Phantharach Natnithikarat; Kamonwan Thanontip; Wei Chen; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn. Sensor-Driven Achieving of Smart Living: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal 2021, 21, 10369 -10391.

AMA Style

Pitshaporn Leelaarporn, Patcharapol Wachiraphan, Thitikorn Kaewlee, Tinnakit Udsa, Rattanaphon Chaisaen, Tanut Choksatchawathi, Rawipreeya Laosirirat, Payongkit Lakhan, Phantharach Natnithikarat, Kamonwan Thanontip, Wei Chen, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn. Sensor-Driven Achieving of Smart Living: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2021; 21 (9):10369-10391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pitshaporn Leelaarporn; Patcharapol Wachiraphan; Thitikorn Kaewlee; Tinnakit Udsa; Rattanaphon Chaisaen; Tanut Choksatchawathi; Rawipreeya Laosirirat; Payongkit Lakhan; Phantharach Natnithikarat; Kamonwan Thanontip; Wei Chen; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn. 2021. "Sensor-Driven Achieving of Smart Living: A Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 9: 10369-10391.

Review
Published: 10 February 2021 in Sensors
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The use of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based sensors for strain–strain applications is showcased in this paper. Extensive use of MWCNTs has been done for the fabrication and implementation of flexible sensors due to their enhanced electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. These nanotubes have been deployed both in pure and composite forms for obtaining highly efficient sensors in terms of sensitivity, robustness, and longevity. Among the wide range of applications that MWCNTs have been exploited for, strain-sensing has been one of the most popular ones due to the high mechanical flexibility of these carbon allotropes. The MWCNT-based sensors have been able to deduce a broad spectrum of macro- and micro-scaled tensions through structural changes. This paper highlights some of the well-approved conjugations of MWCNTs with different kinds of polymers and other conductive nanomaterials to form the electrodes of the strain sensors. It also underlines some of the measures that can be taken in the future to improve the quality of these MWCNT-based sensors for strain-related applications.

ACS Style

Anindya Nag; Eshrat E. Alahi; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Zhi Liu. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors for Strain Sensing Applications. Sensors 2021, 21, 1261 .

AMA Style

Anindya Nag, Eshrat E. Alahi, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Zhi Liu. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors for Strain Sensing Applications. Sensors. 2021; 21 (4):1261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anindya Nag; Eshrat E. Alahi; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Zhi Liu. 2021. "Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Sensors for Strain Sensing Applications." Sensors 21, no. 4: 1261.

Journal article
Published: 07 February 2021 in Electronics
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In this paper, an end-fire antenna for 28 GHz broadband communications is proposed with its multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) configuration for pattern diversity applications in 5G communication systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). The antenna comprises a simple geometrical structure inspired by a conventional planar helical antenna without utilizing any vias. The presented antenna is printed on both sides of a very thin high-frequency substrate (Rogers RO4003, 3.38) with a thickness of 0.203 mm. Moreover, its MIMO configuration is characterized by reasonable gain, high isolation, good envelope correlation coefficient, broad bandwidth, and high diversity gain. To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, it was fabricated and verified by experimental measurements. Notably, the antenna offers a wide −10 dB measured impedance ranging from 26.25 GHz to 30.14 GHz, covering the frequency band allocated for 5G communication systems with a measured peak gain of 5.83 dB. Furthermore, a performance comparison with the state-of-the-art mm-wave end-fire antennas in terms of operational bandwidth, electrical size, and various MIMO performance parameters shows the worth of the proposed work.

ACS Style

Hijab Zahra; Wahaj Awan; Wael Ali; Niamat Hussain; Syed Abbas; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. A 28 GHz Broadband Helical Inspired End-Fire Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 5G Pattern Diversity Applications. Electronics 2021, 10, 405 .

AMA Style

Hijab Zahra, Wahaj Awan, Wael Ali, Niamat Hussain, Syed Abbas, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. A 28 GHz Broadband Helical Inspired End-Fire Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 5G Pattern Diversity Applications. Electronics. 2021; 10 (4):405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hijab Zahra; Wahaj Awan; Wael Ali; Niamat Hussain; Syed Abbas; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. 2021. "A 28 GHz Broadband Helical Inspired End-Fire Antenna and Its MIMO Configuration for 5G Pattern Diversity Applications." Electronics 10, no. 4: 405.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in IEEE Access
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Recent advances in wireless technologies have led to an increased deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for a plethora of diverse surveillance applications such as health, military, and environmental. However, sensor nodes in WSNs usually suffer from short device lifetime due to severe energy constraints and therefore, cannot guarantee to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) needs of various applications. This is proving to be a major hindrance to the widespread adoption of WSNs for such applications. Therefore, to extend the lifetime of WSNs, it is critical to optimize the energy usage in sensor nodes that are often deployed in remote and hostile terrains. To this effect, several energy management schemes have been proposed recently. Node scheduling is one such strategy that can prolong the lifetime of WSNs and also helps to balance the workload among the sensor nodes. In this article, we discuss on the energy management techniques of WSN with a particular emphasis on node scheduling and propose an energy management life-cycle model and an energy conservation pyramid to extend the network lifetime of WSNs. We have provided a detailed classification and evaluation of various node scheduling schemes in terms of their ability to fulfill essential QoS requirements, namely coverage, connectivity, fault tolerance, and security. We considered essential design issues such as network type, deployment pattern, sensing model in the classification process. Furthermore, we have discussed the operational characteristics of schemes with their related merits and demerits. We have compared the efficacy of a few well known graph-based scheduling schemes with suitable performance analysis graph. Finally, we study challenges in designing and implementing node scheduling schemes from a QoS perspective and outline open research problems.

ACS Style

Diya Thomas; Rajan Shankaran; Quan Z. Sheng; Mehmet A. Orgun; Michael Hitchens; Mehedi Masud; Wei Ni; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Jalil Piran. QoS-Aware Energy Management and Node Scheduling Schemes for Sensor Network-Based Surveillance Applications. IEEE Access 2020, 9, 3065 -3096.

AMA Style

Diya Thomas, Rajan Shankaran, Quan Z. Sheng, Mehmet A. Orgun, Michael Hitchens, Mehedi Masud, Wei Ni, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Jalil Piran. QoS-Aware Energy Management and Node Scheduling Schemes for Sensor Network-Based Surveillance Applications. IEEE Access. 2020; 9 ():3065-3096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diya Thomas; Rajan Shankaran; Quan Z. Sheng; Mehmet A. Orgun; Michael Hitchens; Mehedi Masud; Wei Ni; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Jalil Piran. 2020. "QoS-Aware Energy Management and Node Scheduling Schemes for Sensor Network-Based Surveillance Applications." IEEE Access 9, no. : 3065-3096.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in IEEE Access
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This paper presents the fabrication of novel flexible sensors from metalized polymer films and their subsequent utilization for environmental applications. Polyethylene terephthalate films coated with thin-film of aluminum was used as a singular material to form the sensor patches. Optimization was done on the laser parameters to form laser-inscribed interdigitated electrodes on the aluminum side of the polymer films. The sensors were then used to detect the presence of sulfate ions in the water samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to detect the resistive and reactive changes with respect to the corresponding changes in the concentration of the tested solutions. Experiments were conducted using five different concentrations ranging between 0.1 ppm and 1000 ppm. The sensitivity, limit of detection and response time of the salts were $0.874~\Omega $ /ppm, 0.1 ppm and one second, respectively. The repeatability of the sensors was also tested to validate their responses for the target analyte. An optimal frequency was chosen to form an IoT-based system that consisted of an impedance analyzer AD 5933, Wi-Fi embedded Arduino and 2:1 multiplexer ADG849. The interfacing of the microcontroller-sensed data was also done with the cloud server to showcase the potentiality of the developed systems as portable devices for real-time applications.

ACS Style

Shan He; Shilun Feng; Anindya Nag; Nasrin Afsarimanesh; Eshrat E Alahi; Siying Li; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Jonathan Woon Chung Wong. IoT-Based Laser-Inscribed Sensors for Detection of Sulfate in Water Bodies. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 228879 -228890.

AMA Style

Shan He, Shilun Feng, Anindya Nag, Nasrin Afsarimanesh, Eshrat E Alahi, Siying Li, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Jonathan Woon Chung Wong. IoT-Based Laser-Inscribed Sensors for Detection of Sulfate in Water Bodies. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 ():228879-228890.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shan He; Shilun Feng; Anindya Nag; Nasrin Afsarimanesh; Eshrat E Alahi; Siying Li; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Jonathan Woon Chung Wong. 2020. "IoT-Based Laser-Inscribed Sensors for Detection of Sulfate in Water Bodies." IEEE Access 8, no. : 228879-228890.

Review
Published: 21 December 2020 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic that has been raging in 2020 does affect not only the physical state but also the mental health of the general population, particularly, that of the healthcare workers. Given the unprecedented large-scale impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital technology has gained momentum as invaluable social interaction and health tracking tools in this time of great turmoil, in part due to the imposed state-wide mobilization limitations to mitigate the risk of infection that might arise from in-person socialization or hospitalization. Over the last five years, there has been a notable increase in the demand and usage of mobile and wearable devices as well as their adoption in studies of mental fitness. The purposes of this scoping review are to summarize evidence on the sweeping impact of COVID-19 on mental health as well as to evaluate the merits of the devices for remote psychological support. We conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a significant toll on the mental health of the population, leading to an upsurge in reports of pathological stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. It is also clear that mobile and wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches and fitness trackers) are well placed for identifying and targeting individuals with these psychological burdens in need of intervention. However, we found that most of the previous studies used research-grade wearable devices that are difficult to afford for the normal consumer due to their high cost. Thus, the possibility of replacing the research-grade wearable devices with the current smartwatch is also discussed.

ACS Style

Kawisara Ueafuea; Chiraphat Boonnag; Thapanun Sudhawiyangkul; Pitshaporn Leelaarporn; Ameen Gulistan; Wei Chen; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn; Supanida Piyayotai. Potential Applications of Mobile and Wearable Devices for Psychological Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 7162 -7178.

AMA Style

Kawisara Ueafuea, Chiraphat Boonnag, Thapanun Sudhawiyangkul, Pitshaporn Leelaarporn, Ameen Gulistan, Wei Chen, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay, Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn, Supanida Piyayotai. Potential Applications of Mobile and Wearable Devices for Psychological Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (6):7162-7178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kawisara Ueafuea; Chiraphat Boonnag; Thapanun Sudhawiyangkul; Pitshaporn Leelaarporn; Ameen Gulistan; Wei Chen; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay; Theerawit Wilaiprasitporn; Supanida Piyayotai. 2020. "Potential Applications of Mobile and Wearable Devices for Psychological Support During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 6: 7162-7178.

Review
Published: 17 December 2020 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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This paper presents a critical review of advancements made in the area of angle sensing in the last two decades. Angular position sensing is an essential function in most of the engineering systems associated with industries such as automotive, robotics, process, and aircraft. The review shows significant progress that has been achieved in the performance aspects of angle sensors, overcoming the challenges introduced by new and specific applications. Progress is also visible in effectively utilizing the emerging allied technologies on the sensing and electronics field for the development of high-end angle sensors. As a part of the review, the important sensing techniques utilized for the angle sensors are identified and carefully looked at the advantages and limitations of those. Besides, the potential areas for improvements are also suggested. The important techniques employed to design and develop the angle sensors are based on capacitive, inductive, magneto-resistive, and optical schemes. Signal conditioning circuits, analog or digital, or a combination of it, are necessary to derive the best from the sensing elements. They play a vital role in the overall performance of the sensor. The review addresses the advancement in the sensing element, methodology, and signal conditioning aspect in detail. In this review, the important angle sensors reported are evaluated against the performance parameters such as range, resolution, linearity, accuracy, sensitivity, power consumption, complexity, cost, manufacturability, and reliability.

ACS Style

A. S. Anil Kumar; Boby George; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Technologies and Applications of Angle Sensors: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 7195 -7206.

AMA Style

A. S. Anil Kumar, Boby George, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Technologies and Applications of Angle Sensors: A Review. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (6):7195-7206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. S. Anil Kumar; Boby George; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. 2020. "Technologies and Applications of Angle Sensors: A Review." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 6: 7195-7206.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2020 in Internet of Things
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The combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) with Serious Games is an academic domain of research increasing in popularity. Combining Serious Games with the interconnected hardware and middleware driven ecosystem of IoT develops data-driven games that source data from the local or extended physical environment to progress in the virtual environment of gaming, better-informing players through the game experience. The following paper presents the evaluation of a software framework defined for combining Serious Games and IoT, achieved using a semester-long experiment with a randomised control trial. The study aimed to produce an effective method of measuring student engagement using sensor-based information and a game environment but not improve the level of student engagement with their related academic programme. The results of the empirical experiment provide perceived evidences in the measure of engagement when compared to academic performance. The experiment results are not statistically significant due to the small sample size and the empirical nature of the work. The findings of this paper validate the effectiveness of a software framework for combining Serious Games and IoT and encourages new real-world applications of Smart Serious Games that include healthcare, education, simulation and others.

ACS Style

John Henry; Stephen Tang; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Moi Hoon Yap. A randomised control trial for measuring student engagement through the Internet of Things and serious games. Internet of Things 2020, 13, 100332 .

AMA Style

John Henry, Stephen Tang, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Moi Hoon Yap. A randomised control trial for measuring student engagement through the Internet of Things and serious games. Internet of Things. 2020; 13 ():100332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Henry; Stephen Tang; Subhas Mukhopadhyay; Moi Hoon Yap. 2020. "A randomised control trial for measuring student engagement through the Internet of Things and serious games." Internet of Things 13, no. : 100332.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2020 in IEEE Sensors Journal
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Design and development of a low-cost, low-power, miniature, highly sensitive, and selective carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor is an active research area due to the rapid rise of CO2 closed to 408 ppm in the atmosphere because of the industrial revolution. This research proposes a highly sensitive planar interdigital sensor coated with graphene oxide (GO) to induce selectivity towards CO2. The performance of the sensor has been analysed with various temperatures, humidities, and different CO2 concentrations. The developed sensor has been characterised using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The calibration standard has been developed for a range of CO2 concentrations from 400 ppm to 4000 ppm. The standard gas chromatography (GC) method is used to validate all the results. The temperature and humidity compensation mechanisms are also included to improve the detection ability for determining the CO2 gas concentration from unknown gas samples. Repeatability, reproducibility, stability, cross-sensitivity, response, and recovery time are also tested. The obtained results are highly encouraging to develop a low-cost smart CO2 gas sensing system for both indoor and outdoor environmental applications.

ACS Style

Fowzia Akhter; Eshrat E. Alahi; Hasin R. Siddiquei; Chinthaka P. Gooneratne; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Graphene Oxide (GO) Coated Impedimetric Gas Sensor for Selective Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) With Temperature and Humidity Compensation. IEEE Sensors Journal 2020, 21, 4241 -4249.

AMA Style

Fowzia Akhter, Eshrat E. Alahi, Hasin R. Siddiquei, Chinthaka P. Gooneratne, Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. Graphene Oxide (GO) Coated Impedimetric Gas Sensor for Selective Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) With Temperature and Humidity Compensation. IEEE Sensors Journal. 2020; 21 (4):4241-4249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fowzia Akhter; Eshrat E. Alahi; Hasin R. Siddiquei; Chinthaka P. Gooneratne; Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. 2020. "Graphene Oxide (GO) Coated Impedimetric Gas Sensor for Selective Detection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) With Temperature and Humidity Compensation." IEEE Sensors Journal 21, no. 4: 4241-4249.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Sensors
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There has been a tremendous growth in the number of smart devices and their applications (e.g., smart sensors, wearable devices, smart phones, smart cars, etc.) in use in our everyday lives. This is accompanied by a new form of interconnection between the physical and digital worlds, commonly known as the Internet of Things (IoT). This is a paradigm shift, where anything and everything can be interconnected via a communication medium. In such systems, security is a prime concern and protecting the resources (e.g., applications and services) from unauthorized access needs appropriately designed security and privacy solutions. Building secure systems for the IoT can only be achieved through a thorough understanding of the particular needs of such systems. The state of the art is lacking a systematic analysis of the security requirements for the IoT. Motivated by this, in this paper, we present a systematic approach to understand the security requirements for the IoT, which will help designing secure IoT systems for the future. In developing these requirements, we provide different scenarios and outline potential threats and attacks within the IoT. Based on the characteristics of the IoT, we group the possible threats and attacks into five areas, namely communications, device/services, users, mobility and integration of resources. We then examine the existing security requirements for IoT presented in the literature and detail our approach for security requirements for the IoT. We argue that by adhering to the proposed requirements, an IoT system can be designed securely by achieving much of the promised benefits of scalability, usability, connectivity, and flexibility in a practical and comprehensive manner.

ACS Style

Shantanu Pal; Michael Hitchens; Tahiry Rabehaja; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Security Requirements for the Internet of Things: A Systematic Approach. Sensors 2020, 20, 5897 .

AMA Style

Shantanu Pal, Michael Hitchens, Tahiry Rabehaja, Subhas Mukhopadhyay. Security Requirements for the Internet of Things: A Systematic Approach. Sensors. 2020; 20 (20):5897.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shantanu Pal; Michael Hitchens; Tahiry Rabehaja; Subhas Mukhopadhyay. 2020. "Security Requirements for the Internet of Things: A Systematic Approach." Sensors 20, no. 20: 5897.