The solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (s-SNEDDS) is a growing platform for the delivery of drugs via oral route. In the present work, tamoxifen (TAM) was loaded in SNEDDS with resveratrol (RES), which is a potent chemotherapeutic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and P-gp inhibitor for enhancing bioavailability and to obtain synergistic anti-cancer effect against breast cancer. SNEDDS were developed using capmul MCM as oil, Tween 80 as surfactant and transcutol-HP as co-surfactant and optimized by central composite rotatable design. Neusilin US2 concentration was optimized for adsorption of liquid SNEDDS to prepare s-SNEDDS. The developed formulation was characterized and investigated for various in vitro and cell line comparative studies. Optimized TAM-RES-s-SNEDDS showed spherical droplets of a size less than 200 nm. In all in vitro studies, TAM-RES-s-SNEDDS showed significantly improved (p ˂ 0.05) release and permeation across the dialysis membrane and intestinal lumen. Moreover, TAM-RES-s-SNEDDS possessed significantly greater therapeutic efficacy (p < 0.05) and better internalization on the MCF-7 cell line as compared to the conventional formulation. Additionally, oral bioavailability of TAM from SNEDDS was 1.63 folds significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of combination suspension and 4.16 folds significantly higher (p < 0.05) than TAM suspension. Thus, findings suggest that TAM- RES-s-SNEDDS can be the future delivery system that potentially delivers both drugs to cancer cells for better treatment.

Background: Human brain is amongst the most complex organs in human body, and delivery of therapeutic agents across the brain is a tedious task. Existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) protects the brain from invasion of undesirable substances; therefore it hinders the transport of various drugs used for the treatment of different neurological diseases including glioma, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. To surmount this barrier, various approaches have been used such as the use of carrier mediated drug delivery; use of intranasal route, to avoid first pass metabolism; and use of ligands (lactoferrin, apolipoprotein) to transport the drug across the BBB. Ligands bind with proteins present on the cell and facilitate the transport of drug across the cell membrane via. receptor mediated, transporter mediated or adsorptive mediated transcytosis.Objective: The main focus of this review article is to illustrate various studies performed using ligands for delivering drug across BBB; it also describes the procedure used by various researchers for conjugating the ligands to the formulation to achieve targeted action.Methods: Research articles that focused on the used of ligand conjugation for brain delivery and compared the outcome with unconjugated formulation were collected from various search engines like PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, using keywords like ligands, neurological disorders, conjugation, etc.Results and Conclusion: Ligands have shown great potential in delivering drug across BBB for treatment of various diseases, yet extensive research is required so that the ligands can be used clinically for treating neurological diseases.

Background: Temozolomide is drug of choice for the treatment of glioblastoma, but dose-related side effects limit its use. Resveratrol suppresses tumor growth and promotes apoptosis. Many studies showed synergistic activity of resveratrol and temozolomide against glioblastoma. There are methods reported for the assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol individually, but no analytical method has been reported for assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol simultaneously. Objective: Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and optimize an HPLC analytical method for the simultaneous assessment of temozolomide and resveratrol in a developed nanostructured lipid carrier. Method: A Central composite rotable design was used to optimize the method. The method was developed using a C18 column. The composition of the mobile phase was 30% methanol and 70% glacial acetic acid (0.1% v/v in HPLC grade water); detecting wavelength was 310 nm. Forced degradation test was also performed to demonstrate the proposed HPLC method’s ability to indicate stability. Results: The LOD for temozolomide and resveratrol was found to be 1.10 and 0.83 µg/mL, respectively, while LOQ was 3.33 and 2.52 µg/mL, respectively. The drug loading and entrapment efficacy of the formulation, as determined using the aforementioned method, was found to be 6.73 and 96.28% for temozolomide and 3.45 and 89.39% for resveratrol, respectively. Conclusions: The developed HPLC method was simple, rapid, economical, precise, accurate, and reproducible, and it had high selectivity with good detection limits. Standard guidelines of ICH Q2 (R1) including linearity, specificity, system suitability, robustness, precision, accuracy, the LOQ, and LOD gave satisfactory results. Forced degradation studies showed a good stability-indicating capacity of the developed HPLC method. Highlights: Analytical Quality by Design is a powerful tool that could be used for the development of the analytical method. Central composite rotable design was used for optimizing the method. The percent of methanol and concentration of glacial acetic acid were selected as two independent variables for optimization.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. It is a debilitating condition that can cause significant physical and emotional distress. Natural anti-psoriatic agents have been investigated as alternatives to conventional allopathic medications, as they have notable limitations and drawbacks. Curcumin and tea tree oil are cost-efficient and effective anti-inflammatory medicines with less adverse effects compared to synthetic psoriasis medications. Our research endeavors to harness the therapeutic potential of these natural compounds by developing an herbal anti-psoriatic topical drug delivery system. This novel method uses curcumin and tea tree oil to create a bi-phasic emulgel drug delivery system. Formulations F1 (gel) and F2 (emulgel) have high drug content percentages of 84.2% and 96.7%, respectively. The emulgel showed better spreadability for cutaneous applications, with a viscosity of 92,200 ± 943 cp compared to the gel’s 56,200 ± 1725 cp. The emulgel released 94.48% of the drugs, compared to 87.58% for the gel. These formulations conform to the zero-order and Higuchi models, and their stability over a three-month period is crucial. In vivo, the emulgel healed psoriasis symptoms faster than the usual gel. The gathered results confirmed the emulgel’s potential as a drug delivery method, emphasizing the complementary benefits of tea tree oil and curcumin as an effective new therapy for psoriasis.