Ultrasound has been widely used as a green and efficient non-thermal processing technique to assist with enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with traditional enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic-pretreatment-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and enhance the biological activity of substrates. At present, this technology is mainly used for the extraction of bioactive substances and the degradation of biological macromolecules. This review is focused on the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic pretreatment, including the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on the enzyme structure, substrate structure, enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, and thermodynamics and the effects of the ultrasonic conditions on the enzymatic hydrolysis results. The development status of ultrasonic devices and the application of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis in the food industry are briefly described in this study. In the future, more attention should be paid to research on ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis devices to promote the expansion of production and improve production efficiency.

As one of the non-thermal technologies, the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) has increasingly attracted attention for its application in food microbial inactivation. In this study, a proteomic analysis was conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) by a PMF. A total of 79 proteins, comprising 65 upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins, were successfully identified as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, >1.2-fold or <0.83-fold, p-value < 0.05) in Listeria monocytogenes exposed to a PMF at 8 T with 20 pulses. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that PMF exposure significantly impacted nutrient transport, the composition of cytoplasmic and intracellular substances, and various metabolic processes in L. monocytogenes, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism. The disruption of cellular functions and metabolic pathways may contribute to the death of L. monocytogenes under PMF treatment. These findings provide valuable insights and serve as a reference for further investigations into the inactivation mechanisms induced by PMFs.