The agro waste briquettes produced from sorghum panicle and pearl millet with corn starch as the binder with varied proportions were compared with the other agro briquettes, and the elemental analysis of SP-PM briquettes was compared with the agro waste, palm kernel shell, soybean waste, mango leaves, rice husk, spruce, and coffee husk briquettes. The TGA results of SP-PM briquettes were compared with the corn leaf, baggase, almond shell, banana leaves, banana pseudostem, pineapple leaf, stem and root, low rank coal, bituminous coal, cotton stalk, and wheat straw. The DSC analysis that was carried out for SP-PM briquettes were compared with the rice husk char, spent coffee ground, wood chips, saw dust, wood straw, Tomsk peat, Sukhovskoy peat, Arkadievsky peat, nutshell, and bran. Thus, the briquettes made out of sorghum panicle and pearl millets are compared with the other biomass briquettes for its efficiency and its quality. Thus, the briquettes made out of sorghum panicle and pearl millets are compared with the other biomass briquettes for its efficiency and its quality.

Rising worldwide demand and consumption of fossil fuels have elevated wealth creation, improved undesirable impacts on climatic change from emission of greenhouse gases, and endangered communal health. In developing nations, biomass wastes, which include but are not limited to agricultural residues, are generated in huge quantities yearly. During the disposal of biomass, incomplete combustion causes people to get exposed to elevated indoor concentrations on health-damaging pollutants including particulate matter and carbon monoxide. Inefficient usage or disposed biomass wastes may cause toxic impacts on higher levels of pollution, the consequent degeneration of public health and ecological contamination. It is possible to convert these wastes into energy-efficient briquettes through densification. In this research work, the combustion characteristics were identified from biomass briquettes which were produced from Onion Peels (OP), Tamarind Shells (TS) and Cassava Starch. OP-TS were mixed sequentially and conversely with different proportions. From the total weight of biomass, 10% of cassava starch was added and briquettes were produced under 200 kN pressure from the compressed hydraulic system within the dwell time of 60 seconds. The proximate characteristics such as the presence of water content, amount of fixed carbon, ash and volatile matter were determined by using the standard procedures of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The ultimate parameter, which is inclusive of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) were diagnosed in all produced biomass briquettes and calorific values were identified for all the produced biomass briquettes as well. OP-TS have better fuel properties in comparison with pine, cotton stalk (CS), wood sawdust (WS), municipal solid waste (MSW) and cotton straw biomass briquettes (CSB). Therefore, the produced biomass briquettes could bring substantial environmental and socio-economic benefits to rural communities and are potentially worthy fuels derived from agricultural wastes.

The thermal properties of polymer fibers namely polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) and polypropylene fiber (PP) have been taken for study to carry out this present work. Simulated pore solution (SPS) is prepared by using the combination of chemicals NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)₂ with distilled water to study the effect of C-S-H gel formation on fibers. The fibers are dipped in the solution for 35 days. The thermal properties of raw and SPS-dipped fibers are fetched out by performing various tests such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On analysis, the thermal properties of SPS-dipped fiber have better properties when compared with raw fiber. In FTIR analysis the first broad peak of both raw and SPS-dipped fibers are observed between 3000cm⁻¹ to 2800cm⁻¹ indicating that fibers have strong bond. In TGA analysis noted that the residual mass of raw fiber (77.19) is higher than SPS-dipped fiber (52.33) due to the formation of C-S-H gel formation. DSC analysis showed both endothermic and exothermic reaction under N₂ atmosphere.

In the present manuscript, an attempt has been made to remove chromium metal ions from synthetic effluent using adsorption process. The synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles were used as adsorbents. Adsorption studies were performed in batch process. Various characterization of synthesized nanoparticles such as XRD analysis, optical properties of nanoparticles using UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, concentration of chemical bonds, and atomic arrangement using (FTIR) have been performed and analyzed. The dependency of adsorption percentage of metal ions and equilibrium amount of metal adsorbed with respect to pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature are studied. Mechanisms of metal ion adsorption process explained by various adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetic models. The criteria for statistical significance of correlation coefficient (R²) for fitting the experimental data to the various isotherms were tested and analyzed. The experimental results reveal that synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles could be used as adsorbents in order to remove chromium ions present in industrial wastewater.